Cau 21: Tiet trung la j? khung trung la j? Neu caacphuong phap dc su dung

*Tiet trung:

-DN: tiet trung la tieu diet tat ca vi sinh vat ( ke ca nha bao) va bat hoat vr, or tach bo chung hoan toan ra khoi vat can tiet trung

Tat ca cac vat lieu dua vao (.) co the ng benh deu fai dam bao la dc tiet trung. Vd: bom kim tiem, thuoc tiem, chi khau vet mo, manh ghep,..

-Bien fap ki thuat:

+Dung nhiet do:

., khi nong kho: dung tu say, duy tri tu 170- 180C (.) lo hap

., Hoi nuoc o ap suat cao: dung lo hap

+Tia buc xa giau nang luong. Vd: tia a

+Ethylenoxid va Formaldehyd

+Loc vo trung

*Khu trung:

-DN: la lam cho vat dc khu trung k co kha nang gay nh.trung (chi tiet trung mam benh ma k fai tat ca vi sinh vat)

-Bien fap

+Vat ly:

.,Hoi nc nong

.,Tia cuc tim (tia UV)

+Hoa hoc:

.,Con

.,Phenol va dan xuat

.,Nhom halogen

.,Muoi kim loai nang

.,Aldehid: qtrong nhat la Formaldehyd

.,Cac chat oxi hoa(H2O2, KMnO4) va thuoc nhuom (xanh metylen, tim tinh the)

.,Acid va bazo

*Ud thuc te

-(.) cac co so y te, can foi hop cac bien fap khu trung, tiet trung cho hop ly de ngan ngua, han che toi da cac truong hop nh.trung

-1 so hoa chat dung (.) khu trung dc fa ( dung dich long lam chat sat khuan, nong do chat sat khuan dc su dung rat gan voi lieu doc cho co the con ng, vi vay chi dung thuoc sat khuan de dieu tri tai cho de fat huy hieu qua can su dung dung loai, du nong do va thoi gian can thiet tuy theo tung loai dung cu or vat can khu trung, tiet trung

Cau 22: thuoc ksinh la j? ke ten cac cac nhom thuoc ksinh chu yeu

*DN: la nhung chat co tac dung tieu diet or kim ham su ptrien cua vk ngay o nong do thap 1 cach dac hieu. No tac dung len vk o tam ptu, vao 1 vtri qtrong or 1 pu song con cua vk

*Cac nhom ksinh chu yeu:

-Penicillin (a-lactam): gom 6 nhom nho (co vong a-lactam)

+Penicillin khang penicillinase

+penicillin G va V

+aminopenicillin

+penicillin chuyen dieu tri vk nhom seudomonar, dac biet la truc khuan mu xanh

+cephalosporin: .,the he I, II: dtri vk Gr (+)

.,the he III, IV: dtri vk Gr (-)

+penicillin: ket hop chat uc che enzyme a lactamase

-Tetracylin: ksinh co + vong

-Cloramphenicol

-Macrolide

-Lincoxinamid

-Aminoglycosid

-Quinolon

-Ksinh dtri vk lao va fong: INH, PZA, streptomycin

-1 so ksinh chua fan nhom: polymycin,vancomycin