T la hh dac biet dc tach ra tu trong the gioi hang hoa lam vat ngang gia chug thog nhat cha ca hh khac, no the hien ldxh va the hien wan he giau nhug nguoi san xat hang hoa

a) Cac chuc nang cua tien te

Ban chat cua tien te duoc the hien qua cac chuc nang cua no. Theo C. Mac tien te co 5 chuc nang:

- Thuoc do gia tri. Tien te dung de bieu hien va do luong gia tri cua cac hang hoa. Muon do luong gia tri cua cac hang hoa, ban than tien te phai co gia tri. Vi vay, tien te lam chuc nang thuoc do gia tri phai la tien vang. De do luong gia tri hang hoa khong can thiet phai la tien mat ma chi can so sanh voi luong vang nao do mot cach tuong tuong.. Gia tri hang hoa duoc bieu hien bang tien goi la gia ca hang hoa. Do do, gia ca la hinh thuc bieu hien bang tien cua gia tri hang hoa. Gia ca hang hoa do cac yeu to sau day quyet dinh:

+ Gia tri hang hoa.

+ Gia tri cua tien.

+ anh huong cua quan he cung - cau hang hoa.

Trong do nhan to gia tri hang hoa la nhan to quyet dinh

- Phuong tien luu thong: Voi chuc nang lam phuong tien luu thong, tien lam moi gioi trong qua trinh trao doi hang hoa. De lam chuc nang luu thong hang hoa ta phai co tien mat. Trao doi hang hoa lay tien lam moi gioi goi la luu thong hang hoa.

Cong thuc luu thong hang hoa la: H- T - H, khi tien lam moi gioi trong trao doi hang hoa da lam cho hanh vi ban va hanh vi mua co the tach roi nhau ca ve thoi gian va khong gian. Su khong nhat tri giua mua va ban chua dung mam mong cua khung hoang kinh te.

Trong luu thong, luc dau tien te xuat hien duoi hinh thuc vang thoi, bac nen. Dan dan no duoc thay the bang tien duc. Trong qua trinh luu thong, tien duc bi hao mon dan va mat mot phan gia tri cua no. Nhung no van duoc xa hoi chap nhan nhu tien duc du gia tri.

Nhu vay, gia tri thuc cua tien tach roi gia tri danh nghia cua no. So di co tinh trang nay vi tien lam phuong tien luu thong chi dong vai tro choc lat. Nguoi ta doi hang lay tien roi lai dung no de mua hang ma minh can. Lam phuong tien luu thong, tien khong nhat thiet phai co du gia tri. Loi dung tinh hinh do, khi duc tien nha nuoc tim cach giam bot ham luong kim loai cua don vi tien te. Gia tri thuc cua tien duc ngay cang thap so voi gia tri danh nghia cua no. Thuc tien do dan den su ra doi cua tien giay. Ban than tien giay khong co gia tri ma chi la dau hieu cua gia tri va duoc cong nhan trong pham vi quoc gia.

- Phuong tien cat tru. Lam phuong tien cat tru, tuc la tien duoc rut khoi luu thong di vao cat tru. So di tien lam duoc chuc nang nay la vi: tien la dai bieu cho cua cai xa hoi duoi hinh thai gia tri, nen cat tru tien la mot hinh thuc cat tru cua cai. De lam chuc nang phuong tien cat tru, tien phai co du gia tri, tuc la tien vang, bac. Chuc nang cat tru lam cho tien trong luu thong thich ung mot cach tu phat voi nhu cau tien can thiet cho

luu thong. Neu san xuat tang, luong hang hoa nhieu thi tien cat tru duoc dua vao luu thong. Nguoc lai, neu san xuat giam, luong hang hoa lai it thi mot phan tien vang rut khoi luu thong di vao cat tru.

- Phuong tien thanh toan. Lam phuong tien thanh toan, tien duoc dung de tra no, nop thue, tra tien mua chiu hang ... Khi san xuat va trao doi hang hoa phat trien den trinh do nao do tat yeu nay sinh viec mua ban chiu. Trong hinh thuc giao dich nay truoc tien tien lam chuc nang thuoc do gia tri de dinh gia ca hang hoa. Nhung vi la mua ban chiu nen den ky han tien moi duoc dua vao luu thong de lam phuong tien thanh toan. Su phat trien cua quan he mua ban chiu nay mot mat tao kha nang tra no bang cach thanh toan khau tru lan nhau khong dung tien mat. Mat khac, trong viec mua ban chiu nguoi mua tro thanh con no, nguoi ban tro thanh chu no. Khi he thong chu no va con no phat trien rong rai, den ky thanh toan, neu mot khau nao do khong thanh toan duoc se gay kho khan cho cac khau khac, pha vo he thong, kha nang khung hoang kinh te tang len.

- Tien te the gioi. Khi trao doi hang hoa vuot khoi bien gioi quoc gia thi tien lam chuc nang tien te the gioi. Voi chuc nang nay, tien phai co du gia tri, phai tro lai hinh thai ban dau cua no la vang. Trong chuc nang nay, vang duoc dung lam phuong tien mua ban hang, phuong tien thanh toan quoc te va bieu hien cua cai noi chung cua xa hoi.

Tom lai: 5 chuc nang cua tien trong nen kinh te hang hoa quan he mat thiet voi nhau. Su phat trien cac chuc nang cua tien phan anh su phat trien cua san xuat va luu thong hang hoa.