ADJECTIVE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

1. What are main ways to form adjective?

2 ways to form adjective:

- Derivation: The derived adjectives are the adjectives formed by adding affixes to the root morphemes.

- Composition: The composition adjectives are the adjectives formed by combining two or more free morphemes together and are often written with hyphens.

N + P¬2¬: state-owned

Adj + Adj: dark-purple, light purple

N + Adj: chocolate-brown

Adj + N: round-table

Adj + Ned: handmade

Adj + P1: good-looking, easy-going

Adj + P2: new-born

Adv + P2: well-known

2. What is the use of repletion of the comparative in the English language?

The repetition of the comparative can convey the idea of general increase or decrease.

Eg: Consumption prices are getting higher and higher.

The construction of "the" + comparative, "the" + comparative can show cause and effect relation.

Eg: the more she said, the less I believe her.

3. What is substantivized adjective and how it's used in English language?

The substantivization of adjective is a kind of conversion. Adjective when substantivized, lose all or half of the characteristic of the adjective and acquire all or half of the characteristic of the noun. In modern English, there are 2 types of substantivized adjective:

- Wholly/ fully substantivized adjective: are all the adjective that acquire all the characteristic of nouns. They have plural and possessive case inflections and may be associated with the definite and indefinite article.

Eg: a native, a relative, a Russian, a German, etc

Note: Adjectives denoting the nationalities ending with "sh", "ch" are not fully substantivized.

Eg: A Dutch---a Dutch man/woman

A French---a French man.

- Partially substantivized are adjectives that take only the definite article but they do not have any other characteristics of the noun (they are neither inflected in the plural nor they can be used in the possessive case).

Eg: the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the best, the living, the dead.