The Philippines, also referred to as the Republic of the Philippines, is an island country located in Southeast Asia. The capital and largest city in the Philippines is Manila. There are some 120 to 187 languages spoken, whihc include Filipino, Tagalog, English, and Spanish.

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Filipino mythology is a very enriched collection of myths about Gods and Goddesses, divine and semi-divine figures and many more that are a result and reflection of the country's many indigenous ethnic groups where each of them has its own stories and myths to tell.

Some ethnic groups have a supreme deity or deities that have multiple ranks and purposes, while others revere ancestor spirits and/or the spirits of the natural world (diwata and anito). The name and attributes of these deities all depend on the region however they mainly can be divided as:

Supreme Deities

(Other) Creation Deities

Other (Various Ranking) Deities

It must be noted that a deity can fall under one or all these categories depending on the version of myth that is taken in account.

Below you can find the list of the Filipino gods and goddesses and their respective role/attributes:

Supreme Deities

A supreme deity (supreme deities for certain regions) is a deity characterized by power over all things, including over all other deities. They are the highest rank of gods and goddesses that are often believed to have created the universe, rule over other deities, ensure order, and provide for the humans' various needs.

Below, you can find a list of the various supreme deities and their respective role/attributes:

Gutugutumakkan: supreme deity.

Gamhanan: supreme deity and giver of life, security, and livelihood.

Laon: chief goddess.

Magwala / Magdili: supreme spirit.

Pamulak Manobo: supreme deity and creator of the world.

Maguimba: god in the remotest times. lived among the people. provided all the necessities of life and cures for all illnesses. able to bring the dead back to life.

Diwata: gods who provide for the needs of humans and give out rewards for good deeds.

Gugurang: supreme god of good.

Kaptan: supreme god; god of the sky; controls the wind and lightning.

Melu: creator deity.

Loos Klagan: most feared deity; uttering his name is considered a curse.

Kabunian / Intutungcho: supreme deity.

Magbabaya: supreme deity; created the earth, sea, sky, moon, stars, and the first eight elements.

Agtayabun: adviser and peacemaker deity with a hawk; like head, wings, and a human body.

Dadanhayan ha Sugay: evil deity with a human body and ten heads.

Ai Suno: supreme child deity.

Nanolay: creator of all things.

Mahal na Makaako: supreme deity.

Makapangwa: supreme being.

Ampual: god of the fourth skyworld; bestowed plants and animals on people.

Buni: possible name of the supreme being who tasked giants with creation.

Parsua: creator deity.

Makaako: creator and the most powerful god.

Kabunyan: supreme deity who wards off bad spirits.

Lumawig: supreme deity.

Mangetchay / Mangatia: supreme deity.

Tagna-an: creator god and the most powerful and versatile shaman.

Alunsina: mother goddess.

Tahaw: supreme deity

Tagbusan: supreme deity who rules over the destinies of all other gods and mortals.

Dagau: goddess of creation.

Makalindung: god of creation.

Manama / Sigalungan: supreme deity who created the diwatas to assist him in creation.

Tohan: supreme deity

Empuq / Ampu / Nagsalad: supreme deity and creator of all things. He is also called Nagsalad (the weaver) because he is the master who wove the world and created several kinds of humanity.

Ama-Gaolay: supreme deity.

Dayang Dayang Mangilai: goddess of the forest.

Umboh Tuhan / Umboh Dilaut: god of the sea.

Malayari: supreme deity and creator.

Diwata Magbabaya: supreme deity and creator of heaven and earth.

Tungkung Langit: supreme deity and the most powerful male Diwata. God of the sky who brings famine, drought, storms, and floods.

Bulon La Mogoaw: one of two supreme deities in T'boli.

Kadaw La Sambad: one of two supreme deities in T'boli. 

Cumucul: son of the supreme deities.

Bathala: supreme god and creator deity, also known as Bathala Maykapal, Lumilikha, and Abba.

Tulus: the Great Spirit who created all things from mud, including those that we see (such as humans) and those that we can't see (such as spirits).

Minaden: creator of mankind.

Bagatulayan: supreme deity; directs the activities of the world and the heavenly realms.

Kadaklan: second-ranked deity who taught the people how to harvest crops, cure sickness, overcome bard omens and ward off evil spirits.

Makapatag-Malaon: supreme deity who had both a male (Makapatag-fearful and destructive) and female (Malaon-understanding) aspect.

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Creator Deities

While in most of the Filipino indegious groups the work of creation is also associated with the supreme deity they worship, there are also other cases where other deities are attributed it. An example of that is the Manabo tribe where the supreme deity is Tagbusan, however, in some versions of the myth of creation, the world-making was attributed to a god called Makalindung.

Other (Various Ranking) Deities

Beside the supreme and creation deities that are highly important, there are also other gods and goddesses in Filipino mythology that are worshipped for various things:

Ipamahandi: goddess of accidents.

Ikapati: goddess of cultivated land and fertility.

Makatalubhay: god of bananas.

Ginuong Dalaga: goddess of crops.

Lakan-bakod: god of crops; god of rice; god of the fruits of the earth; protector of fences.

Taragomi: god of crops.

Kampungan: god of harvests and sown fields.

Pusod-Lupa: god of the fields.

Tagumbanwa: guardian of the fields.

Uwinan Sana: god of the fields and the jungle.

Anianihan: god of harvest.

Bangutbanwa: god of good harvests and an orderly universe.

Damulag: god of protecting fruiting rice from the elements.

Dumangan: god of good harvest.

Kalasakas: god of early ripening of rice stalks.

Kalasokus: god of turning grain yellow and dry.

Lalahon: goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvest.

Tagani: god of harvest.

Taphagan: goddess of the harvest who guards the rice in the granary.

Wigan: god of good harvest.

Bingsol: god of ploughmen.

Baybay: goddess and master of rice.

Kakiadan: goddess of rice.

Pilay: spirit of the rice; a ritual is offered to Pilay to ensure that children don't go hungry.

Apo: ancestral spirits (tonong) tasked to kill or drive away evil spirits.

Kapapu-an: ancestral spirits from whom the supernatural powers of shamans originated. With their help, specific types of shamans can cause water to gush from rocks, create oil shields, leap far distances, pass through solid matter, or become invisible.

Umboh: ancestral spirits.

Bulalakaw: deity who protects the creatures in the rivers.

Gemang: guardian of wild beasts.

Lalawag: deity who protects wild pigs.

Maka-andog: epic giant-hero who controlled wildlife and fish and was friendly with the sea spirits.

Makaboteng: guardian of deer and wild hogs.

Mangumanay: deity who protects wild chickens.

Pamahandi: protector of carabaos and horses.

Panya'en: entities who control certain wild trees and animals.

True: deity of the forest; herder of hunting animals.

Lakambini / Lakandaytan: god of attachment.

Dal'lang: goddess of beauty.

Malaguv: goddess of beauty. married a mortal.

Lalawig: incantu (guardian divinity) of bees and honey.

Mangusal: deity who protects honeybees.

Ungaw: god and master of bees.

Aldó: white fiery bird. One of the souls of Batálâ.

Baroko: the bird who aided in the retrieval of the Lingganay nga Ugis (silver bell), which it dropped at Kamayaan river, where it can only be retrieved by Ai Suno, the supreme child deity, when he returns to free his people from bondage. If the bell is retrieved by someone else, a great deluge will occur.

Batálâ / Salaksak: kingfisher deity known as father sky. when he was swallowed by Dapu, the crocodile deity who carried the earth on her back, Batálâ's two souls came out: Aldó and Búlan.

Galurâ: giant eagle; bringer of storms.

Kalao: spirit birds who guide and protect hunters' lives and souls.

Maylupa: crow master of the earth.

Muhen: bird god of fate.

Matanda: god of merchants and second-hand dealers.

Busao: god of calamity.

Banig: spirits of the hillsides and caves.

Matimtiman: goddess of charm.

Abyang Durunuun: goddess of charms.

Umouiri: god of clouds.

Saragnayan: god of darkness.

Sipnget: goddess of darkness.

Liwayway: goddess of dawn.

Tala: goddess of stars. Also called Bulak Tala, deity of the morning star.

Aring Sinukûan: sun god of war and death.

Hangin: spirits of the death wind who takes the life of the elderly.

Malakal Maut: angel of death who takes the soul of someone 3-7 days after the person's leaf falls from the sacred tree.

Sidapa: goddess of death and co-ruler of Kamaritaan, the middleworld, together with Makaptan.

Tagbayan: divinities associated with death who feast on human souls.

Diwata ko sa Magaw: spirit of destruction.

Kalaon: god of destruction.

Apadel / Kalagang: guardian deity and dweller of the spirit-stones.

Aran: tiny human-like beings that reside in trees, anthills, and dark spaces.

Be'tan: shape-shifting spirit-creatures who dwell in the forests or wilderness. It can enter dreams and alter a human's sense of time.

Bulaw: immortals who live in mountain peaks and are depicted as shooting stars because when they fly from one peak to another, they light their way with torches made from human bone.

Daniw: spirit dwelling in the healers' stone.

Malawian: sprits that live in the springs in the deep forest.

Munduntug: divinities who live in mountains who cause hunters to be lost.

Pinacheng: deities living in caves, stones, creeks, rocks who mislead and hide people.

Tonong: divine spirits who aid heroes and usually live in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm.

Afo Daga: lahi (protector spirit) of the earth.

Bunag: god of the earth.

Lulid-Batang: god of the earth, responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Sedumunadoc: god of the earth, whose favor is sought to have a good harvest.

Tagma-sa-Yuta: god of the earth.

Kolyog: god of earthquakes.

Linok: god of earthquakes.

Pinganun-pinganun: god of enchanted places.

Datu na Gyadsal: the chief adversary.

Lakapati: fertility deity and deity of vagrants and waifs.

Obban: goddess of reproduction.

Maklium-sa-tubig: god of the sea of the Visayans.

Bagidan: god of fire.

Amansinaya: goddess of fishermen.

Magindang: god of fishing who guides fishermen to a good catch through sounds and signs.

Bago: spirit of the forest.

Diwata ng Kagubatan: goddess of the forest.

Mamelig: incantu (guardian divinity) of the forest.

Okot: forest god whose whistles lead hunters to their prey.

Pawi: god of the forest.

Tagma-sa: god and protector of the sick of the Subanun.

Manguabungud: god of the woods.

Idianale: goddess of labor and good deeds. She is also referred to as a goddess of the rice field.

Namtogan: god of good fortune who made rice harvests and livestock bountiful.

Mangalagar: goddess of good grace.

Tigbas: god of good government.

Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan: goddess of greed.

Incantus: guardian spirits and divinities who comprised six of the seven original figures created by the three supreme deities.

Segoyong: guardians of nature. many specialize in a particular class, such as fire, water, trees, grass, deer, pigs, land caves, and caves behind waterfalls.

Sumpoy: god who guides the soul towards a very high mountain.

Cabuyaran: goddess of healing.

Menalam: female goddess, spirit who enters the body of a healer in a trance and gives instructions on how to heal the sick.

Talanganay: male god, spirit who enters the body of a healer in a trance and gives instructions on how to heal the sick.

Akasi: god of health and sickness.

Lumalayag: warriors who challenge and fight the salakap (spirits of sickness).

Mangindusa / Nagabacaban: god of the heavens. punisher of crime. depicted as sitting and swinging back and forth in a bintayawan.

Suklang-malayon: a sky goddess of the Visayans.

Anilaw ha Sumagda: house deity who guards the door.

Dadagunan hu Suguy: house deity who guards the lawn.

Diwata ha Manilib: house deity who records the activity of people inside the house.

Diwata Pinatanlay: house deity who guards the house and stays at the ridge of the roof.

Sinyuda Kahibunan: house deity who keeps the hall.

Abog: god of hunters.

Alagaka: protector of hunters.

Amanikable: god of the sea, god of hunters.

Anlabban: special protector of hunters who looks after the welfare of people in general.

Kedes: god of the hunt.

Mamlindao: hunting spirits.

Paglingniyalan: god of hunters.

Sugudun / Sugujun: god of hunters and trappers.

Magdan: god of hidden lakes.

Keat: personification of lightning.

Kidlat: god of lightning.

KiLat: god of lightning.

Linting Habughabug: god of lightning, who shouts in anger, and whose look can kill people.

Revenador: god of thunder and lightning.

Ribung Linti: deity of lightning and thunderstorms.

Anagolay: goddess of lost things.

Dian Masalanta: goddess of lovers.

Liddup: chief mediator between the people and other gods and the only deity who inhabits the Kabunian realm.

Sappia: goddess of mercy.

Glinton: god of metalwork.

Ked-Yem: god of blacksmiths.

Tolus ka Gomanan: god of smiths.

Mahinhin: goddess of modesty.

Apûng Malyari: moon god, ruler of the eight rivers.

Delan: deity of the moon and giver of light and growth.

Haliya: goddess of the moon.

Kabigat: goddess of the moon.

Lansana: goddess of the sun, moon, stars, and seas. She is most beloved by people.

Mayari: moon goddess who battled her brother, Apolaqui.

Hanan: goddess of the morning.

Afo Fungsu: lahi (protector spirit) of mountain peaks.

Batungbayanin: spirit of the mountains.

Camiguin: mountain goddess.

Dumakulem: guardian of mountains.

Ibabagsuk: incantu (guardian divinity) of nature and plants.

Makiling: kind goddess of Mount Makiling and protector of its environment and wildlife Saitan nature spirits.

Inikadowa: a tonong (benign spirit) double or guardian of a person, who is with the person from the moment the baby is born.

Jinn: familiar spirits.

Makalun: spirits that serve as messengers of the gods.

Sikag a Makaombaw: an intelligent and independent tonong (spirit) living within a very powerful amulet, which grants its wielder authority over all other tonong.

Tunung: spirits who live in the sky, water, mountain, or trees. They listen to prayers and can converse with humans by borrowing the voice of a medium. They protect humans from sickness and crops from pests.

Manglubar: god of peaceful living.

Kainomayan: goddess of plenty.

Malaykat: angelic beings who protect each person from illness. They also guide people in work, making humans active, diligent, and good.

Tigyama: god of protection.

Anitun Tabu: goddess of wind and rain.

Diwata Kat Sidpan: deity who controls the rain.

Tagbanua: god of rain.

Balangaw: One of the gods of war.

Bighari: goddess of the rainbow, known for her love of flowers.

Bungun: god of the rainbow.

Llokesin: god of rats.

Halupi: divinities of remembrance.

Afo Sapa: lahi (protector spirit) of rivers.

Fu El Melel: spirit of the river.

Sirinan: spirit of the river.

Sumalongsong: deity of the rivers and seas.

Tagma-sa-uba: god of the rivers.

Bangan: goddess of romance.

Dagat: goddess of the sea.

Haik: god of the sea who protects travelers from storms and tempests.

Lidagat: the sea married to the wind.

Limat: god of the sea.

Magyawan: god of the sea.

Makilum-sa-tubig: god of the sea.

Neguno: god of the sea.

Polo: god of the sea whose help is invoked during times of illness.

Sedsed: god of the sea.

Tagma-sa-Dagat: god of the sea.

Makapulaw: god of sailors.

Sumangâ: spirit of sea vessels and guardian who deflects attacks on boats.

Beljan / Balyan: spirits of all beljan (shamans) who travel across the universe (which is divided into fourteen different layers) to heal the world and reestablish cosmic balance.

Lageay Lengkuos: greatest of heroes. A shaman (beliyan) who made the earth and forests and was the only one who could pass the magnet stone in the strait between the big and little oceans.

Makaptan: god of sickness and co-ruler of Kamaritaan, the middleworld, together with Sidapa.

Salakap: spirits of epidemic sickness that arrive with the northwest winds.

Aninitud angachar: deity of the sky world whose dissatisfaction with offerings manifests as lightning and thunder.

Languiton: god of the sky.

Laonsina: sky goddess.

Mino'aw a Minepen: powerful spirit of the sky.

Tawen: personification of the sky.

Tolos: benign spirits (tonong) who inhabit the sky realms. They are invoked in times of battle and quests.

Apu Daga: spirit in the soil.

Talagbugta: incantu (guardian divinity) of the soil.

Apila: god of wrestling and sports.

Baka: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Fegeferafad / Keluguy: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Gaygayoma: star goddess.

Kenogon: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Kufukufu: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Mi'lalabi: star and constellation deities.

Pandac: deity of the stars and giver of light and growth.

Seretar: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Singkad: one of six constellation deities asked by the hero Lageay Lengkuos to remain in the sky to aid in people's farming.

Fon Batoo: spirit of rocks and stones.

Liadlao: gold-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin. His body became the sun.

Libulan: copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin. His body became the moon.

Licalibutan: rock-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin. He inherited control of the wind from his father and his body became the earth.

Lisuga: silver-bodied daughter of Lidagat and Lihangin. Her body fragmented to become the stars.

Paglimusan: spirit of the small stones.

Sulingbunganin: spirit of the big rocks.

Inaiyau: god of storms.

Puwok: controls typhoons.

Sarangan-sa-bagtiw: god of storms.

Umboh Baliyu: spirits of wind and storms.

Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: god of streams.

Bankakah: one of the deities of strength.

Buengelen: one of the deities of strength.

Siabuanan: one of the deities of strength.

Adlaw: sun deity.

Agueo: sun god who lives in a palace of light.

Algao: sun god.

Amman: god of the sun.

Apolake: god of the sun, god of warriors, and ruler of the world during daytime.

Apolaqui: sun god who battled his sister, Mayari.

Chal: god of the sun.

Elag: deity of the sun who is also a giver of light and growth.

Init: sun god.

Magrakad: god found on the other side of the sun at exactly noontime who gives the warmth which sustains life and carries away sickness when people are ill.

Mapatar: sun deity.

Maka-ako: supreme deity residing on the uppermost level of the cosmic universe's seven layers.

Makapatag/Malaon: supreme deity who had both a male (Makapatag: fearful and destructive) and female (Malaon: understanding) aspect.

Mangilala: god of temptation, haunts the seventh tier of the underworld.

Ibu: goddess who rules over the land of the dead.

Imbayan / Lingayan: divinities who guide souls after they die.

Maguayen: god who carries the souls of the dead to the ends of the earth in a boat.

Manduyapit: god who ferries departed souls across the red river before going to the afterworld.

Lampinsaka: god of the lame and cripple.

Paalulong: god of the sick and the dead.

Tagma-sa-langit: god who protects the sick.

Anit / Anitan: guardian of the thunderbolt.

Kidu: personification of thunder.

KiDul: god of thunder.

Upu Kuyaw: grandfather god of thunder.

Bangun Bangun: deity of universal time who regulates cosmic movements.

Gatpanapun: represents the afternoon.

Lakandanup: represents the sun at noontime; god of gluttony.

Linamin at Bulag: goddess of the dry season.

Mapulon: god of seasons.

Munag Sumalâ: represents dawn.

Pahulangkug: deity who changes the seasons.

Sisilim: represents the dusk. Her arrival is greeted by the songs of the cicadas.

Galangkalulua: winged god who loves to travel.

Kapiso Pabalita: news-giving protector of travelers.

Balungbunganin: spirit of the almaciga trees.

Fon Kayoo: spirit of the trees.

Aninitud Chalom: deity of the underworld whose anger manifests as a sudden shaking of the earth.

Masaken: ruler of the underworld.

Mebuyan: underworld goddess.

Tabiacoud: god of the underworld.

Taliyakud: chief god of the underworld who tends a fire between two tree trunks, asks questions of the souls of the dead.

Tau Dalom Tala: spirit who lives in the underworld.

Maklilum-sa-twan: god of the plains and valleys.

Luli-Batang: god of the earth, responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Hipag: ferocious spirits of war that give soldiers courage on the field of war.

Inaginid: one of the gods of war.

Makanduk: one of the gods of war.

Pamdiya: war divinities.

Talagbusao: bloodthirsty god of war.

Chacha: god of warriors.

Darago: god of warriors.

Mandarangan: god of warriors.

Apu Dandum: spirit in the water.

Fon Eel: spirit of water.

Maguayan: god who rules the waters as his kingdom.

Tubigan: god of the water.

Yumud: god of water.

Fili: divinities of property.

Kayamanan: goddess of wealth.

Mamahandi: incantu (guardian divinity) of the material wealth of men.

Tao-sa-sulup: god of material goods.

Abra: god who controls the weather.

Libtakan: god of sunrise, sunset, and good weather.

Bait Pandi: goddess of weavers.

Fu Dalu: goddess of the abaca plant. She speaks to weavers in their dreams and guides them in creating patterns and designs.

Mamiyo: stretcher of skeins.

Monlolot: winder of thread on the spindle.

Alipugpug: spirit of the little whirlwind from the burned field, whose presence is a sign of a good harvest coming.

Amihan: gentle wind deity who plays only during half of the year, because playing together with her brother, Habagat, would be too much for the world to handle.

Domalongdong: god of the north wind.

Habagat: active wind deity who plays only during half of the year, because playing together with his sister, Amihan, would be too much for the world to handle.

Lihangin: the wind married to the sea.

Linamin at Barat: goddess of the monsoon winds.

Lubay-lubyuk Hanginun si Mahuyuk-huyukun: goddess of the evening breeze.

Magbaya: god of the west wind.

Maguyaen: goddess of the winds of the sea.

Ognaaling: god of the south wind.

Paros: god of the wind.

Puok: a kind of Hidit (punishing divinities) who use winds to destroy the dwellings of miners who break taboos.

Saguday: god of the wind.

Tagaloambung: god of the east wind.

Ginuong Pagsuutan: protectress of women.

Ibabasag: goddess of pregnant women.

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Stay tuned for the next chapter for a list of mythical creatures in Filipino Mythology!