This week's question

What's the name for 'the study of ancient handwriting'? Is it...

a) Scriptography?

b) Palaeography?

c) Scribology?

You'll hear the answer at the end of the programme.

Vocabulary

genealogy
the study of family history

roots
origins

skeletons in the closet
secrets

decipher
discover the meaning of something that's hard to understand

census
an official count of the people in a population

family lore
knowledge passed on from one generation to the next

descended from
connected by a blood relationship with

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript.

Catherine
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Catherine...

Neil
And I'm Neil. Do you realise, Catherine, that we are related to each other?

Catherine
Don't be silly, Neil. I think I'd know if you were in my family.

Neil
Well, we'll talk more about that later in the show, but I should say at this point that today we're discussing genealogy – or the study of family history. And I think it's pretty fascinating stuff. Do you ever watch the TV programme Who do you think you are,Catherine? You know, where celebrities find out about their family history?

Catherine
Yeah, I've seen a couple of them. For example, one celebrity – who was very proud of his working class London roots – or origins – discovered that he's actually a direct descendent of an English king!

Neil
Well, that's quite a discovery! The thing is though, Catherine, what if there isn't anything exciting in your family history – no mysteries, no skeletons in the closet...

Catherine
Well, I reckon if you go back far enough Neil, there's always something exciting or unexpected in anybody's family history. And skeletons in the closet by the way, means secrets! Now, I think it's time for today's quiz question. Researching family history often involves reading old documents such as birth, marriage and death certificates, and these can be difficult to decipher – or understand. So what's the name for the study of ancient handwriting? Is it...
a) Scriptography?
b) Palaeography?
Or c) Scribology?

Neil
Well, it must be a) Scriptography.

Catherine
And we'll see if you're right or not later on in the show. Now, why do you think most people look into their genealogy, Neil? Is it just curiosity?

Neil
Well, Catherine, we all love a good mystery story – especially if it's connected with our own family. And these days, it's easy to do research online because many old paper documents have been digitised and are available online.

Catherine
BBC presenter Mike Williams investigated his own family history. And here, he's talking about his great-grandfather's story. And if you listen carefully you can hear him rustling the real paper documents!

INSERT
Mike Williams, BBC presenter
The Williamses are my father's side and on my mother's the Heino's – it's a name that we think comes from Finland. If I look at this document here – it's a copy of the census of England and Wales 1911 - you can see my grandfather, the son, and his father – the head of the household – Michael Heino, or Michel Heino, who, the family law has it, jumped ship and ended up in Liverpool.

Neil
What's a census, Catherine?

Catherine
It's an official count of people in a population. So Mike Williams's great grandfather appeared on the 1911 census for England and Wales but because of his surname the family think he might originally have come from Finland.

Neil
The exciting event in Mike Williams' history – passed down through family lore – which means 'knowledge passed on from one generation to the next' – is that his great-grandfather jumped ship.

Catherine
Which means he left the ship he was working on without permission to do so.

Neil
And he started a new life in England. I suppose quite a few people have immigration stories in their family histories – sometimes without knowing it.

Catherine
Actually that's something that many people are fascinated by – and has also become easier to investigate these days now companies offer to test the DNA in your saliva for as little as a hundred dollars.

Neil
And then they come up with results saying you're related to Alexander the Great or Brad Pitt... Remember I said that we were related? Well, let's now listen to Else Churchill, from the Society of Genealogists here in London, who explains what I meant.

INSERT
Else Churchill, Society of Genealogists, London
There's what you might call the 'gateway ancestor' – and the idea of history and genealogy is that's normally somebody that is so well documented that their descendants are well known – in England it's something like Edward III. And we're all probably descended from Edward III. Is it nice to have royal ancestors? Well, millions of people are descended from Edward III, and so in that sense, that's where the connection might be. So the chances are an awful lot of people are distantly connected to each other.

Catherine
Else Churchill says it's likely that millions of us are distantly related to a gateway ancestor like King Edward III of England. And that means that all those people related to Edward III are also distantly related to each other. So it seems that paying a company a hundred dollars to reveal that you're related to Edward III is a waste of money.

Neil
Yes, in the sense that it's you and millions of other people. And in fact, we're all related to each other somehow, via Edward III or someone else.

Catherine
And another popular finding for British people is to say that you're descended from the Vikings, and again this is true for many people so it isn't particularly meaningful.

Neil
If you're descended from a person or a group it means they are among your ancestors.

Catherine
Now, remember I asked: what's the name for the study of ancient handwriting? Is it...
a) Scriptography?
b) Palaeography?
Or c) Scribology?

Neil
I said a) Scriptography. And I'm pretty confident that's the right answer.

Catherine
Well, Neil, you're pretty confident but unfortunately it was wrong! The correct answer is b) Palaeography. Palaeography is the study of ancient and historical handwriting, including the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts.

Neil
Oh well, here are the words we learned:
genealogy
roots
skeletons in the closet
decipher
census
family lore
descended from

Catherine
And that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. Don't forget to join us again soon!

Both
Bye!