Cau 43 Vaccin nguyen ly tieu chuan, nguyen tac su dug

*nguyen ly:Su dug vaccin la dua vao co the KN co nguon goc tu vi sinh vat gay benh or VSV co cau truc KN giong VSV gay benh da dc bao che dam bao su an toan can thiet lam cho co the tu tao ra tinh trang mien dich chong lai tac nhan gay benh

* tieu chuan :

1. an toan: khong gay benh, khong gay doc va khong gay phan ung

-vo trung khong nhiem cac VSV khac nhat la VSV gay benh

-thuan khiet: khong lan cac KN khac

-khong doc: khong gay chet

2. Co hieu luc, phai kich thich dc co the hinh thanh dap ung mien dich o muc do cao va trong thoi gian dai(dc danh gia tren thuc nghiem va thuc tien)

* Nguyen tac su dug;

1.pham vi va ti le tiem chung

-ti le: > 80% dat hieu qua phong dich. 50->80%chi giam dc nguy co say ra dich.< 50% khong co hieu qua

-pham vi: cang rong cang tot tuy tinh hinh dich te va tung vung tung benh

2. doi tuong tiem chung:

Tat ca moi ng co nguy co nhiem VSV gay benh ma chua co mien dich, dac biet la tre em va phu nu co thai (tiem chung uo van)

-doi tuong khong tiem chung:+bi sot cao,dang mac benh di ung

+vaccin song giam doc luc khong tiem cho phu nu co thai, ng thieu hut mien dich or dug thuoc dan ap mien dich

3. thoi gian tiem chung:

-sau 7->10 ngay tiem chung se co dap ung mien dich

-tiem don truoc mua dich dam bao cho co the co thoi gian dap ung mien dich

-vaccin phai tiem chung nhieu lan:dam bao khoang cach thoi gian giua moi lan tiem

4. lieu luong va dg dua vaccin vao co the

-dg dua: +chung: it dug

+tiem:khong tiem tinh mach

+uong: vaccin khong bi dich dg tieu hoa pha huy

- lieu luong: tuy thuoc loai vaccin va dg dua,nhug fai dam bao dung lieu

5.fong pu phu :-tai cho: dau, man do ,hoi sung.

-toan than:sot, co giat,soc fan ve

6.bao quan vaccin trong dk kho, toi ,lanh

Cau 44: Cac loai vaccin.

a/ Vaccin giai doc to: duoc san xuat tu ngoai doc to cua VK da duoc lam mat tinh doc nhung van giu duoc tinh KN kich thich co the san xuat ra khang doc to co k/nag trung hoa ngoai doc to

b/ Vaccin chet toan the( KN tinh che): San xuat tu cac VSV gay benh sau khi VSV giet chet co the lay toan bo huyen dich lam vaccin or tinh che lay cac thanh fan KN quan trong. Cac KN nay chu yeu bkich thich dap ung mien dich dich the.

c/ Vaccin song giam doc luc: Duoc sx tu VSV gay benh or VSV co cau truc KN giong VSV gay benh con song, da duoc lam giam doc luc ko con k/nag gay benh. Vaccin tao ra trong co the 1 qua trinh giong nhu qua trinh mien dich tu nhien kich thich co the dap ung ca mien dich toan the va mien dich tai cho, ca mien dich dich the va mien dich qua trung gian te bao