Unit 2
1. the most common? =>PC / micro computer
2. small enough for a pocket? =>Subnotebook
3. the most common portable? =>Notebook
4. used by many people at the same time? =>Mainframes
5. used like mainframes? =>Minicomputer
6. also called a handheld computer? =>Palmtop
7. the most powerful? =>Supercomputer
8. not suitable for a lot of typing? =>Handheld
- Mainframes: large, powerful, expensive, Multi-user systems, used by many people at the same time, used for processing very large amounts of data. The most powerful mainframes are called Supercomputer.
- Minicomputers: used like mainframes, not as big, powerful, expensive as mainframes, less common now because microcomputers have improved
- Microcomputer or Personal Computers: the most common type of computer. Smaller, cheaper, and less powerful than Mainframes and Minicomputers
- Laptop: about the size of a small typewriter. Less common now because smaller and lighter portables are available
- Notebook: about the size of a piece of writing paper, the most common type of portable
- Subnotebook: not quite as big as notebooks, can fit into a jacket pocket
- Handheld of palmtop: small enough to fit into the palm of one hand, not easy to type with because of their size. Often used as personal organizers
Unit 3
- These are memory chips. The more you have, the more work you can do at a time. Empty memory slots mean you can add more memory. = SIMMS
- This is the “brain” of the computer. = CPU
- It’s part of memory store. It has extremrly fast access. It’s faster than normal RAM. It can speed up the computer. = Cache memory
- These let you add features such as sound or a morden to your computer. = Expansion slots
- This kind of memory contains all the instructions your computer needs to activate itself when you switch on. Unlike RAM, its contents are retained when you switch off = ROM
1. Remove the old motherboard
2. Add the processor
3. Add the memory, don’t touch the contacts
4. Fit the new motherboard
5. Put it back together
a) Put the disk into the drive
b) Choose “format” from the drop-down menu
c) Choose the formatting options you require
d) Click the “start” button
e) Select “ok” to start formatting the disk
f) Click “ok” button when formatting is complete
External devices connect to ports at the back of the computer. Different types of port are used for each devices. Most computer have: 1 keybroad port, 1video port, 2 serial ports, 1 parallel port. Some also have mouse port.
The mouse port and the keybroad port look exactly the same but they have labels to avoid comusion. If there is no mouse port, a serial mouse must be used. This connects with one of the serial ports. You can use the other one for a modem. The serial ports often have labels COM1 and COM2
The monitor connects to the video (VGA) port. The printer uses the larger parallel port
Unit 4
- Alt = alternate
- Interrupter Wheels
- Slots
- Integrated circuit: mạch tích hợp
- Detector: bộ dò tìm
- Light beams: chùm tia sáng
- Axles : trục
- LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) :điốt phát quang
- Mousemat: kê chuột
- Rolling ball: con lăn
The computer mouse is the hand-operated device that lets you control more easily the location of the pointer on your screen. You can make the selections and choices with the mouse button.
The mouse contains a rubber-coated ball that rests on the surface of your working area or a mousemat. When the mouse is moved over the surface, the ball rolls.
The ball’s movements up and down, and left and right, turn the 2 axles inside the mouse. As they turn, detectors register the changing position. A small integrated circult inside the mouse sends signals to the operating system, which instructs it to move the pointer on your screen.
- Colon “:”
- Tilde “~”
- Underscore “_”
- Forward slash “/”
- At “@”
- Dot,stop “.”
Unit 5
- Communications: truyền thông
- Computer hardware: operation and maintenance : vận hành và bảo trì phần cứng
- Computer Software:phần mềm
- Contemporary issues:
- Information systems: hệ thống thông tin
- Introduction to computer network: mạng máy tính
- Information technology in business and industry: CNTT trong DN và CN
- The individual in industry and work: cá thể trong CN và CV
- Introduction to programming: giới thiệu lập trình
- Information technology: CNTT
- Numeracy: tính toán
- Problem-solving: giải quyết vấn đề
- Accounting: kế toán
- Mathematics: toán học
- Systems analysis: phân tích hệ thống.
Unit 6
- A joystick is another input device you can connect to a computer system. The joystick is able to move in 8 directions. Joysticks are mostly used in computer games to control the way a picture on the screen moves. Sometimes 2 joysticks are connected to a computer so 2 people can play the game at the same time
- A trackerball works in exactly the same way as a mouse, except that the ball is on top. The user rolls the ball around with her hand to operate it. If you use the trackerball, you don’t need any extra space on your desk to move it around. Trackerballs are often used on small portable computers and on some video game machines.
- A lightpen can be used to draw picture directly on to a computer screen or to read the pattern on a barcode. A lightpen that can be read barcodes detects the difference between the light reflected from a bkack barcode line and its lighter background.
- Using a scanner, you can inout printed drawings photographs, or text directly into a computer. A scanner works like a photocopier – a light is shone on the material and the scanner detects the reflected light. You can use a scanner with optical character recognition (OCR) software to input the scanned text into a word processing package.
Digital cameras don’t use film. You take pictures on to solid state memory. Then you download them to a pc. You can change and improve the pictures in your PC. Then you can print them, add them to your website, or display them on the screen.
Digital cameras are mode expensive than film cameras but the cost of each picture is lower because there is no processing. It’s also easy to download the picture.
Film cameras are cheaper but each picture costs a lot because there are processing costs. The quality of film camera pictures is much better than digital cameras but you have to scan the pictures to transfer images to a PC.
Unit 7
- Keyboard: bàn phím
- Monitor screen: màn hình
- Lamp: đèn
- Copyholder: đế
- Chair: ghế
- Footrest: chỗ để chân
- Printer: máy in
1. this should be adjustable and provide good back support. = chair
2. this should be more than a metre away from you and as quiet as posible.= printer
3. keep this level with your eyes. Don’t have it level with your desk. Make sure it is flicker-free, and that you can read everything easily. Avoid any glare from the window. = monitor screen
4. use this if your feet don’t rest flat on the floor. = footrest
5. make sure this lights your work and not the screen. = lamp
6. Don’t get the stiff neck. Use this when you enter a lot of data. = keyboard
7. Keep it directly in front of you and within easy reach. = copyholder
- 20 inches is a common monitor size. F
- A dot pitch of 0.31mm is better than one of 0.25mm. F
- A maximum resolution of 1600 x 1200 is better than 1280 x 1024. T
- A refresh rate of 85Hz is better than one of 75Hz. T
- A 17-inch monitor is 17 inches wide. F
- You can change the picture using controls of the screen. T
- The price of a monitor depends only on the size. F
- The monitor uses less power because of the Power-Save feature. T
- Price
The price mainly depends on the screen size. Common monitor sizes are 14-inch, 15-inch, 17-inch, 21-inch. The price also depends on aperture grill pitch, resolution, and the number of controls.
Giá cả chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào kích thước màn hình. Có những loại kích thước phổ biến là 14, 15, 17, 21 inch. Giá cả cũng phụ thuộc vào độ phân giải và số lượng điều khiển
- Screen size
The size of the screen is the diagonal distance from one corner to another. The actual area for images is smaller than this.
Kích thước của màn hình là khoảng cách từ 1 góc màn hình đến góc chéo còn lại, diện tích thực tế của bức ảnh trong màn hình nhỏ hơn kích thước này.
- Maximum resolution
The quality of the display depends on the number of dots which make up the image. The more dots, the better the display.
Chất lượng hiển thị hình ảnh phụ thuộc vào số lượng điểm ảnh làm lên hình ảnh. Càng nhiều điểm ảnh, hiển thị càng tốt.
- Refresh rate
The monitor refreshes the image on the screen all the time. The faster this happends, the less the screen flickers. You should have a refresh rate of at least 72Hz.
Màn hình làm tươi hình ảnh trên đó ở bất kì thời điểm nào. Điều này xảy ra càng nhanh, càng ít bị rung màn hình. Bạn cần có 1 tỉ lệ làm tươi ít nhất là 72Hz.
- Safety standards
These are international standards to control harmful signals.
Đây là những tiêu chuẩn quốc tế để kiểm soát những tín hiệu có hại.
- Power-saving feature
The power the monitor uses automatically reduces when it is not in use.
Nguồn điện màn hình tự động giảm khi không được sử dụng
- On-screen menu
Digital controls on the screen allow you to adjust the image
Các điều khiển kĩ thuật số trên màn hình cho phép bạn điều chỉnh hình ảnh.
Task 8.
There are 3 different types of printer: dot-matrix, inkjet, and laser. Dot-matrix printers are the cheapest kind of printer, but their print quality is low and they are slow and noisy. They are cheap to run.
Inkjets are more expensive, but you get better quality and quieter operation. However, they are relatively slow and also expensive to run. They are a good choice for colour.
Laser printers give the best quality of output. They print faster than either of the other 2 types pf printer and they cost less to run than an inkjet. Unfortunately, they cost almost twice as much as an inkjet.
Unit 8
1. most computers ase floppy disks. Floppies conform to a standard and you can use them to carry data from one place to another. They are also very cheap, but they are slow and have a limited capacity.
2. almost all desktop computers have hard disks. They are fast and can store much greater amounts of data than floppies, but they are fixed inside the computer and you can’t use them to transfer data.
3. you can move data from place to place using removable hard disks. They are almost as fast as fixed hard disks and also have high capacities, but they are relatively expensive. They don’t all conform to one standard and they aren’t very common.
4. CD-ROM disks are very common and conform to a standard, they are removable and can hold large amounts of data. They are also cheap to make. However, they are usually read-only. You can’t change information on them. They are also slow compared to hard disks.
5. Magneto-optical disks are like CD-ROMs, but you can read data on to them. They are removable, have large capacities, and last of a long time, but they are expensive and don’t all conform to one standard. For this reason they aren’t very common.
6. Magnetic tape is a cheap medium. You can use it to store very large amount of data, but it doesn’t allow random access. Every time you read or write a piece of data, you start at the beginning of the tape. Tape drives are slow. Therefor, it is only suitable for doing backups.
Floppies are very cheap, but they are slow and have a limited capacity. Hard disks are fast and can store large amounts of data, but they are fixed inside the computer, so you can’t use them to transfer data. You can transfer data with removable hard disks, but they are expensive. CD-ROM disks can hold quite large amounts of data. However, they are usually read-only, so you can’t change information on them. Magneto-optical disks are like CD-ROMs but you can write data on to them. They are removable and have large capacities, but they are expensive, and don’t conform to a standard. For this reason, they aren’t very common. Magnetic tape is cheap and has a large capacity, but is doesn’t allow random access and drives are slow. Therefor, it is only suitable for backups.
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