Abdellah's Typology of 21 Nursing Problems are as follows:

1. To promote good hygiene and physical comfort

2. To promote optimal activity, exercise, rest, and sleep

3. To promote safety through prevention of accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection

4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformities

5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells

6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells

7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination

8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance

9. To recognize the physiologic responses of the body to disease conditions

10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions

11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function

12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions

13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness

14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and nonverbal communication

15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships

16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals

17. To create and maintain a therapeutic environment

18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs

19. To accept the optimum possible goals in light of physical and emotional limitations

20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness

21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness