READING

❖ Before You Read

Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer ihe questions. (Làm việc từng đói. Nhìn những hình vù trà lời câu hỏi.)

1.Which of the animals and insects below can be found in Vietnam?

2.Which of them is/are in danger of becoming extinct?

Answer:

1. All of these animals and insects except for leopards can be found in Vietnam.

2. I think rhinoceros is in danger of extinction.

❖ While You Read

Read the text then do the tasks that follow. (Đọc đoạn văn sau đó làm bài tập kèm theo.)

Các chủng loại bị lâm nguy là các chủng loại động thực vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng. Trên 8000 chủng loại thực vật và 7200 chủng loại động vật trên toàn cầu bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng, và nhiều loài nữa trở nên tuyệt chủng hàng năm trước khi các nhà sinh vật có thể xác định chúng.

Những nguyên nhân quan trọng của việc tuyệt chủng các chủng loại là sự phá hủy môi trường sống tự nhiên, khai thác thương mại và ô nhiễm. Sự tháo nước các vùng ngập nước, đốn rừng, đô thị hóa và việc xây dựng đường và đập nước đã tiêu diệt hoặc làm hư hại nghiêm trọng môi trường sống tự nhiên. Từ thập niên 1960, việc khai thác có tính thương mại toàn thế giới các động vật lấy thực phẩm và những sản phẩm khác đã làm giảm trầm trọng số động vật quí hiếm. Các hóa chất độc hại trong không khí và đất nước bị ô nhiễm và nhiệt độ nước tăng cũng đưa nhiều chủng loại đến bờ tuyệt chủng.

Sự tuyệt chủng động thực vật đưa đến việc mất đi tính đa dạng sinh thái. Bảo trì tính đa dạng sinh thái quan trọng cho chúng ta ở nhiều phương diện. Chẳng hạn, con người lệ thuộc sự đa dạng chủng loại để có thức ăn, không khí và nước sạch, và đất phì nhiêu cho nông nghiệp. Thêm vào đó, chúng ta được lợi to lớn từ nhiều loại thuốc và các sản phẩm khác mà tính đa dạng sinh thái cung cấp.

Những nỗ lực bảo tồn khác được thực hiện nhằm để cứu nhiều chủng loại đang bị lâm nguy. Danh Sách Đỏ - danh sách có tính toàn cầu của những chủng loại động vật dễ bị nguy hiểm và đang lâm nguy - đã được giới thiệu để nâng cao ý thức nhu cầu bảo tồn của dân chúng. Các chính phủ đã ban hành những đạo luật để bảo vệ động vật hoang dã khỏi việc buôn bán và sản bắn qua mức. Nhiều khu bảo tồn môi trường sống của động vật hoang dã đã được thiết lập để một số lớn chủng loại đang lâm nguy có thể có cơ hội tồn tại và phát triển.

Task 1: The nouns in column A all appear in the passage. Match each of them with a suitable definition in column B. (Tất cả danh từ ở cột A xuất hiện ở đoạn văn, ghép từng từ của chúng với định nghĩa thích hợp ở cột B.)

A B

1. extinction

a. the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment

2. habitat

b. the act of preventing something from being lost, wasted, damaged or destroyed

3. biodiversity

c. a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing

4. conservation

d. the natural environment in which a plant or animal lives

1.c 2. d 3. a 4. b

Task 2: Choose A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences about the reading passage. (Chon A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn chỉnh những câu về bài đọc.)

1.The number of species around the globe threatened with extinction is over ......

A.7,200 B. 8,300 c. 1,600 D. 15,000

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a primary cause of species extinction?

A. pollution C. habitat destruction

B.natural selection D. overexploitation

3. The Red List is a special book that provides names of ...............animals.

A. vulnerable and endangered C. endangered

B. hunted D. extinct

4. The development of wildlife habitat reserves helps..................

A. save a large number of endangered species

B. make a list of endangered species

C. enact laws to protect wildlife

D. develop commercial trade and overhunting

5. The best title for the passage is.................... .

A. Endangered Species and Conservation Measures

B. Endangered Species and their Benefits

C. The Global Extinction Crisis

D. Endangered Species Extinction: Causes and Conservation Measures

1.D 2. B 3 A 4. A 5. B

Task 3: Find evidence in the passage to support these statements. (Tìm những chứng cứ ở đoạn văn để hỗ trợ những câu nói này.)

1. Pollution is one of the main causes of species extinction.

2. Species diversity has provided humans with so many essential things.

3. There are a number of ways to help save endangered species.

1. The first sentence of Paragraph 2. 2. Paragraph 3 3. Paragraph 4.

❖ After You Read

Work in pairs. Summarize the reading passage by writing ONE sentence for each paragraph, ( Làm việc từng đôi. Tóm tắt đoạn văn bằng cách viết MỘT câu chọn từng đoạn văn.)

* Paragragh 1: Over fifteen thousand plant and animal species around the globe are threatened with extinction.

* Paragraph 2: The primary causes of species extinction are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation and pollution.

* Paragraph 3: Biodiversity is important for humans since it provides food, clean water, air, fertile soil, many medicines and other products.

* Paragraph 4:Different efforts have been made to save and conserve endangered species.

SPEAKING

Task 1: Work in pairs. Ask and answer the following questions. (làm việc từng đôi. Hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi sau.)

1. What do you call Gấu Trúc, Tê Giác, Hổ, Voi in English?

2. In which sort of habitats can you find each of these animals?

3. Which of these animals can be kept as a pet or used for food or medicine?

4. Which of them is/are endangered?

Answer:

1. A.What do you call "gẩú trúc. lê giác, hổ và voi" in English?

B. We call these animals "panda, rhino, tiger and elephant" respectively.

2. A. In which sort of habitats can you find each of these animals?

B. Pandas can be seen in bamboo forests. Rhinos can be found in grasslands and tropical or sub-tropical forests. We can find tigers in forests, grasslands and swam elephants can be seen in forests.

3. A. Which of these animals can be kept as a pet or used for food or medicine?

B. None of these animals can he kept as a pet, except for tiger can be used for food and medicine.

4. A. Which of them is / are endangered?

B. Pandas, tigers and rhinos are endangered.

Task 2: Work in pairs. Look at the information about the giant panda, tiger, rhino and elephant, which are endangered animals. Ask and answer questions about them. (Làm việc từng đôi. Nhìn những thông tin về gấu trúc vĩ đại, hổ , tê giác và voi, chúng là những động vật đang lâm nguy. Hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

A. Where do the giant panda live?

B. In bamboo forests in the mountains in central and western China.

A. What's the population of pandas in the world?

B. Only about 600.

A. What's their main food?

B. Bamboo leaves.

A. What's their average weight?

B. Between 75 and 160 kg.

A. Are they tall? What's their height?

B. Not much. Their average height is from 1,2 to 1,5 metres.

A. How long do they live?

B. Their average lifetime is about 20 to 30 years.

A. Are they in danger of extinction?

B. Yes. Their population is in decline.

A. Why?

B. Because their natural habitat is being destroyed and they are hunted for commercial trade.

Task 3: Work in groups. Take turns to give an oral report on the animals mentioned in Task 2. (Làm việc từng nhóm. Thay phiên tường thuật về những con thú được nói đến ở Task 2.)

1. A. Let's talk about the present endangered animals: pandas, tigers, rhinos and elephants.

B. OK. First I see rhinos are listed in the Red List.

C. Now they live in grasslands, tropical and subtropical forests in Africa and southern Asia.

D. The population of rhinos is about 17 000

A. They have the average height of about 1,2 to 1,8 meters and weigh from 1,000 to 3,000 kgs.

B. Their main food is grass and plants.

D. And their average life span is about forty years.

C. They are also in danger of extinction due to their natural habitat destruction and illegal hunting and poaching.

2. A. Tigers are also referred to in the Red List and there are only about 6000 tigers in the world.

B. They are found in forests, grasslands and swamps in Siberia, Southeast Asia and Southern India.

C. Their average height is about 1,4 to 1,9 meters and an average weight of 65 to 300 kgs.

D. Tigers are carnivores so their food is living animals such as deer, buffalo, etc...

A. The life span is about 15 to 17 years.

B. They are also endangered animals because their natural habitat is destroyed and they are hunted for commercial trade.

LISTENING

❖Before You Lisen

Work in pairs. Discuss and choose the best answer A, B,C or D. (Làm việc từng đôi. Thảo luận và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất A, B. C hoặc D.)

1. You can find gorillas in .

A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa

2. The male gorilla may attain a height of............m and a weight of about 180 kg.

A. 3 B. l,7 C. 0,8

3. The life span of a gorilla in the wild is about years.

A. 30 B. 40 C. 50

1. C 2. B 3. A and C

❖ While You Listen

Task l: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer A, B,C or D to each question. (Nghe đoạn văn và chọn câu trả lởi đúng nhất cho từng câu hỏi.)

1. Which of the following can be a group leader?

A. The biggest and strongest adult male gorilla.

B. A female gorilla.

C. The biggest adult female gorilla.

D. A grown-up gorilla.

2. With whom do baby gorillas sleep at night?

A. Their sisters.

B. Their mothers.

C. Their fathers.

D. Their mothers and sisters.

3. Why do hunters kill mountain gorillas?

A. For their skin.

B. For their nests.

C. For the trees they live in.

D. For food.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Mountain gorillas live in Africa.

B. Scientists study gorillas and show a different picture of mountain gorillas.

C. Life for mountain gorillas is peaceful.

D. A gorilla sometimes eats worms.

5. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Mountain gorillas are not as dangerous as they look.

B. Mountain gorillas live in groups.

C. Mountain gorillas eat mainly plants.

D. All of A, B and C are correct.

1.A 2.B 3. D 4. c 5.D

❖ Tapescript

For a long time the image most people had of a gorilla was a dangerous looking animal with big bared teeth. But researchers studying gorillas show a very different picture of mountain gorillas. The animals are peaceful, gentle, sociable, and mainly plant-eating creatures.

Gorillas live in family groups. A typical group is led by the biggest and strongest grown-up male gorilla. He is called a silverback because the hair on a male's back turn from black to silver as he grows up. This happens when he is between 11 and 13 years old. A silverback's group usually includes one or two sub-adult males and a few females and their young.

Mountain gorillas spend much of their time eating. Their food includes a variety of plants, along with a few kinds of insects and worms. Al night the animals make a nest to sleep in. Many lightweight gorillas nest in trees. The heavier ones may nest in grasses on the ground. Babies sleep with their mothers at night.

Life for mountain gorillas is not always peaceful. They are endangered and threatened by civil war in a small area of Africa where they live. Hunters kill them for food. Their forests are cut down for farmland, fuel, and housing. But many scientists, forest rangers, and other concerned people are working hard to protect mountain gorillas, their habitats.

Task 2: Listen again and complete the chart below. (Nghe lại và điền biểu đồ dưới đây.)

General features

(1)..............., gentle, sociable, and

(2)..............................

Group members

the silverback. one or two sub-adult males,

(3)........................

Food

(4).................and worms

Place for sleeping

nest(5).............. or (6)...............

Causes of being endangered

(7) .........., hunters killing them for food,

(8).....................

1. peaceful 2. plant-eating

3. a few females and their young 4. plants and a few insects

5. in trees 6. in grasses

7. civil war 8. forests being cut down

❖ After You Listen

Work in pairs. Summarize the main ideas of the passage, using the Information and the answers in Tasks 1 and 2. (Tóm tắt những ý chính của đoạn văn nqhe, dùng thông tin và câu trả lời ở Task 1 và 2.)

A. For a long time people used to think gorillas are dangerous looking. Actually they are peaceful, gentle and sociable.

B. Gorillas live in family groups led by the biggest and strongest grown-up male called a silverback.

A. A silverback's group usually includes one or two sub-adult males and a few females and their young.

B. Mountain gorillas spend much of their time eating. Their main food is plants,a few kinds of insects and worms.

A. They sleep in nests in trees, and in grasses. Babies sleep with their mothers.

B. Gorilla's life is not peaceful because they are endangered and threatened by civil war, hunting and the habitat destruction.

WRITING

Task 1: Work ill pairs. Suggest possible measures that should be taken to solve the following problems. (Làm việc từng đôi. Đề nghị những hiện pháp có thể thực hiện nên được áp dụng để giải quyết những vấn đề sau.)

• People do not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals.

• Projects to save endangered animals do not have sufficient fundsễ

• The habitats for endangered animals are being seriously damaged and polluted.

• People who live in or near endangered animals' habitats have poor living conditions and rely mostly on wildlife products for their livelihood.

• Some countries do not have laws to protect endangered animals.

• People keep buying fashionable wildlife products.

• There are not enough wildlife habitat reserves.

Example:

People do not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals. We should organise different activities to raise people's awareness of the need to protect these animals.

A. It is said projects to save endangered animals are not supplied with sufficient funds.

B. Therefore we should organize conferences and forums to appeal to international organizations, governmental agencies, associations and individuals to contribute to the protection and preservation rare and endangered animals.

A. Moreover we should save endangered animals' nature habitats, which are being destroyed and seriously damaged.

B. To do this, governments in the world should enact laws to ban hunting endangered and rare animals, cutting down trees and burning forests.

A. In addition to this, people should pose very heavy fines to those who violate these rules. And people should establish and develop wildlife reserves.

B. These measures do both preserve the earth's valuable biodiversity and protect endangered and rare species

Task 2: Write a paragraph about measures to protect endangered animals, using the ideas discussed in Task 1. Begin your paragraph with. (Viết một đoạn văn về những biện pháp để bảo vệ động vật lâm nguy, dùng ý tưởng được thảo luận ở Task I. Bắt đầu đoạn văn của em với)

"There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals."

There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals. First, people should organize different activities to raise people's awareness of the urgent needs to protect these animals. For example they hold international conferences, seminars and forums about the great importance of ecology and biodiversity. At the same time they should appeal to governmental agencies in the world to contribute to the programmes of protecting and preserving plants and animals that are driven to the verge of extinction. In addition, people should contribute to the fund of preserving the earth's valuable natural resources for future generations. Besides these, governments should enact laws to ban activities that can damage or destroy the nature. If these measures are taken, our planet might be a peaceful and beautiful place for all kinds of beings to live in.

 LANGUAGE FOCUS

- Pronunciation: Rhythm

- Grammar: Modals verbs: may, might, must, mustn't, needn't

❖ Grammar

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences, using may/might with one verb in the box. (Hoàn chính câu, dùng may / might với một động từ trong khung.)

Bite break need rain slip wake

1. Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It might rain later.

2. Don't make too much noise. You ................the baby up.

3. Be careful of that dog. It.............you.

4. I don't think we should throw that letter away. We .............it later.

5. Be careful. The footpath is very icy. You .......................

6. I don't want the children to play in this room. They .................something.

2. may / might wake 3. may / might bile 4. may / might need

5. may / might slip 6. may / might break

Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences, using needn't, with one of the verbs in the box. (Hoàn chỉnh câu, dùng needn't với một trong những động từ trung khung.)

Ask come explain leave tell walk

1. We've got plenty of time. We needn't leave yet.

2. I can manage the shopping alone. You ............with me.

3. We ..........all the way home. We can get a taxi.

4. Just help yourself if you'd like something to eat. You.............first.

5. We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We ............anybody else.

6. I understand the situation perfectly. You ................further.

2. needn't come 3. needn't walk 4. needn't ask

5. needn't tell 6. needn't explain

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't. (Điền câu với must, mustn't hoặc needn't.)

1. We haven't got much time. We must hurry.

2. We've got plenty of time. We needn't hum'.

3. We have enough food at home so we.............go shopping today.

4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I.................remember to post it.

5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I................forget to post it.

6. There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You ..........decide now.

7. You...........wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.

8. This is a valuable book. You ...........look after it carefully and you ........lose it.

3. needn't 4. must 5. mustn't 6. needn't 7. needn't 8. must, mustn't

TEST YOURSELF D

I. LISTENING

Listen to the passage and complete the note with NO MORE THAN THREE words. (Nghe đoạn văn và điền bản ghi chú với không hơn BA từ.)

FACTS ABOUT THE PANDA

Habitat: (0) lives in high mountains in China

Food: mainly (1) ............................

Eatins time: (2)...........................hours a day

Number: about (3)...................in the wild and 100 in captivity

Cubs: more than (4).....................die after birth

Solution: (5)............................

1. bamboo shoots, leaves 2. 12 3. 600 4. Half 5. cloning

❖ Tapescript

High in dense bamboo forests in the misty mountains of southwestern China lives one of the world's rarest mammals: the panda. Pandas feed mainly on bamboo shoots and leaves. Occasionally they eat other plants, fish or small animals. Pandas eat fast and they eat a lot. They spend 12 hours a day doing it.

Pandas are extremely endangered today. There are only about 600 of these black-and-white bears in the wild and a hundred in captivity. One of the reasons is that the survival rate of the cubs is very low: more than half of them die shortly after birth. Chinese government is considering cloning the panda in their efforts to save this animal.

II. READING

Read the passage and decide if the following statements are One (T) or false (F) or not mentioned. (Dọc đoạn văn và quyết định những câu nói đúng (T) hay sai (F) hay được nói đên (NM).)

1. There are now about 3 to 5 million elephants in Africa.

2. Elephants are hunted because they have nowhere to hide.

3. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the number of elephants decreased sharply.

4. Nowadays, elephants are found only in certain countries in the world.

5. Since 1989, the trade in ivory has been prohibited all over the world.

Rất khó biết ngày xưa bao nhiêu voi sống ở lục địa, nhưng có lẽ có ít nhất 3-5 triệu con ở Phi châu vào đầu thế kỉ 20. Người ta luôn săn voi để lấy thịt, da và ngà. Vì cộng đồng con người tăng và vũ khí trở nên tiến bộ hơn, voi đã bị đe dọa nặng nề. Vào cuốỉ thập niên 1970 và đầu thập niên 1980 số lượng voi đã giảm khủng khiếp vì việc săn trộm tăng. Người ta ước tính rằng hiện nay có khoảng 500 000 con voi và chúng đang sống ở một số ít quốc gia. Người ta đã ngăn cấm tất cả việc mua bán ngà voi có tính quốc tế năm 1989, và nhiêu chính phù đã bắt đâu phạt nặng những người săn trộm. Nhờ những hành động kịp lúc như thế, một số đàn voi, đặc biệt những đàn voi ở Nam Phi châu, đã phục hồi suốt thập niên vừa qua. Tuy nhiên nhiều sự đe dọa vẫn còn đối với voi Phi châu.

1. F 2. NM 3.T 4. T 5.T

III. GRAMMAR

Complete the sentcnes with must, mustn't or needn't. (Điền các câu với must, mustn't hoặc needn't)

1. DOCTOR: You..........go on a diet; but you ..............eat sensibly and you............. overeat.

2. ZOO NOTICE: Visitors................ feed the animals.

3. TEACHER: You...................... read the whole book but you............. read the first four chapters

4. RAILWAY NOTICE: Passengers.................walk on the line

5. SCHOOL NOTICE: The lifts............... be used in case of fire.

6. DOCTOR: You ................ take more than two of these pills at once. Three might be fatal.

7. DOCTOR (to patient's wife): If the pain has gone, he take any more of these.

1. needn't; must; mustn't 2. mustn't 3. needn't: must

4. mustn't 5. mustn't 6. mustn't 7. needn't

IV. WRITING

Study the information about rhinos, then write a paragraph describing the animal and suggest possible solutions to protect them from extinction. (Nghiên cứu thông tin về tê giác, sau đó viết một đoạn văn mô tả con thú và đề nghị những biện pháp có thể được để bảo vệ chúng khỏi tuyệt chủng.)

Habitat: Grasslands, tropical and subtropical forests in Africa and southern Asia.

Population: About 17,000

Height: 1.2 to l.8 m

Weight: 1.000 to 3.000 kg

Food: Grass and plants

Life span: About 40 years

Reason for decline: Habitat destruction and illegal hunting

Rhinos are one of the endangered animals that are on the verge of extinction. Rhinos are large animals and need a lot of space to live in. Now people can find them in grasslands, tropical and sub-tropical forests in Africa and southern Asia. A rhino is about from 1,2 to 1,8 meters high and weighs from 1,000 to 3,000 kgs. Theỉ main food is grass and plants. A rhino's average lifespan is about 40 years.

It is estimated that there are now about 17.000 rhinos in the world. But there is a great decline in the population of rhinos due to the hunting and poaching, and especially their habitat destruction.

World Wildlife Fund has been working to conserve rhinos for over 40 years. It has launched rhino conservation projects to protect this species from extinction by translocating rhinos to the conservancy run by local communities.