1. Kh\u00e1i ni?m tu tu?ng HCM. Ch?ng minh ch? nghia M\u00e1c-L\u00ea Nin l\u00e0 ngu?n g?c tr?c ti?p quy?t d?nh b?n ch?t tu tu?ng HCM.

Van ki?n \u00d0?i h?i d?i bi?u to\u00e0n qu?c l?n th? IX x\u00e1c d?nh kh\u00e1 to\u00e0n di?n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h? th?ng nh?ng v?n d? c?t y?u thu?c n?i h\u00e0m kh\u00e1i ni?m tu tu?ng HCM: " Tu tu?ng HCM l\u00e0 m?t h? th?ng quan di?m to\u00e0n di?n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s?c v? nh?ng v?n d? co b?n c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam, l\u00e0 k?t qu? c?a s? v?n d?ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n s\u00e1ng t?o ch? nghia Mac-Lenin v\u00e0o di?u ki?n c? th? c?a nu?c ta, k? th?a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n nh?ng gi\u00e1 tr? truy?n th?ng t?t d?p c?a d\u00e2n t?c, ti?p thu tinh hoa van h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo?i. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu tu?ng v? gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c, gi?i ph\u00f3ng giai c?p, gi?i ph\u00f3ng con ngu?i; v? d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c g?n li?n v?i ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i, k?t h?p s?c m?nh d\u00e2n t?c v?i s?c m?nh th?i d?i; v? s?c m?nh c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c?a kh?i d?i do\u00e0n k?t d\u00e2n t?c; v? quy?n l\u00e0m ch? c?a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n; v? qu?c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d?ng l?c lu?ng vu trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v? ph\u00e1t tri?n kinh t? v\u00e0 van h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ng?ng n\u00e2ng cao d?i s?ng v?t ch?t v\u00e0 tinh th?n c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v? d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng, c?n, ki?m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 tu; v? cham lo b?i du?ng th? h? c\u00e1ch m?ng cho d?i sau; v? x\u00e2y d?ng \u00d0?ng trong s?ch, v?ng m?nh, c\u00e1n b?, d?ng vi\u00ean v?a l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o, v?a l\u00e0 ngu?i d?y t? th?t trung th\u00e0nh c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n... 

Tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh soi du?ng cho cu?c d?u tranh c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta gi\u00e0nh th?ng l?i, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s?n tinh th?n to l?n c?a \u00d0?ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t?c ta." 

Ch? nghia M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ngu?n g?c tr?c ti?p quy?t d?nh b?n ch?t tu tu?ng HCM: 

Ch? nghia Mac-Lenin l\u00e0 d?nh cao c?a tu duy nh\u00e2n lo?i, l\u00e0 th? gi?i quan, phuong ph\u00e1p lu?n khoa h?c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m?ng, h? tu tu?ng c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng, c?a c\u00e1c d?ng c?ng s?n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong d?u tranh x\u00f3a b? m?i \u00e1p b?c, b\u00f3c l?t, x\u00e2y d?ng x\u00e3 h?i XHCN v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h?i c?ng s?n ch? nghia. 

HCM di t? ch? nghia y\u00eau nu?c d?n ch? nghia Mac-Lenin. \u00d0?i v?i Ngu?i, d?n v?i ch? nghia Mac-lenin cung c\u00f3 nghia l\u00e0 d?n v?i con du?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n. T? d\u00e2y, Ngu?i th?c s? t\u00ecm th?y con du?ng c?u nu?c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, tri?t d?: "Mu?n c?u nu?c v\u00e0 gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con du?ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c con du?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n" v\u00e0 "ch? c\u00f3 gi?i ph\u00f3ng giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n th\u00ec m?i gi?i ph\u00f3ng du?c c? d\u00e2n t?c; c? hai cu?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y ch? c\u00f3 th? l\u00e0 s? nghi?p c?a ch? nghia c?ng s?n v\u00e0 c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng th? gi?i". 

\u00d0?n v?i ch? nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tu?ng, quan di?m HCM c\u00f3 bu?c nh?y v?t l?n, k?t h?p ch? nghia y\u00eau nu?c v?i ch? nghia qu?c t? v\u00f4 s?n, k?t h?p d\u00e2n t?c v?i giai c?p, d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c v?i ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i, n\u00e2ng ch? nghia y\u00eau nu?c l\u00ean m?t tr\u00ecnh d? m?i tr\u00ean l?p tru?ng c?a ch? nghia Mac-Lenin. 

Trong su?t cu?c d?i ho?t d?ng c?a m\u00ecnh, HCM lu\u00f4n kh?ng d?nh: Ch? nghia Mac-lenin l\u00e0 ch? nghia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh?t, khoa h?c nh?t, c\u00e1ch m?ng nh?t, "mu?n c\u00e1ch m?ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph?i di theo ch? nghia Mac-Lenin". \u00d0?i v?i Ngu?i, ch? nghia Mac-Lenin l\u00e0 co s? th? gi?i quan, phuong ph\u00e1p lu?n khoa h?c d? gi?i quy?t nh?ng v?n d? do th?c ti?n d?t ra. Ngu?i kh\u00f4ng bao gi? xa r?i ch? nghia Mac-lenin, d?ng th?i ki\u00ean quy?t ch?ng ch? nghia gi\u00e1o di?u v\u00e0 ch? nghia x\u00e9t l?i. 

Tu tu?ng HCM l\u00e0 "k?t qu? s? v?n d?ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n s\u00e1ng t?o ch? nghia Mac-Lenin v\u00e0o di?u ki?n c? th? c?a nu?c ta". Tu tu?ng HCM b?t ngu?n t? ch? nghia Mac-Lenin l\u00e0m n?n t?ng, du?c HCM v?n d?ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n s\u00e1ng t?o v\u00e0o di?u ki?n nu?c ta l\u00fac b?y gi?. Vi?c ti?p thu, v?n d?ng, ph\u00e1t tri?n ch? nghia Mac-lenin c?a HCM l\u00e0 c? qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g?n v?i ho?t d?ng th?c ti?n, k?t h?p l\u00fd lu?n v?i th?c ti?n, xu?t ph\u00e1t t? nh?ng y\u00eau c?u th?c ti?n. 

\u00d0?i v?i ch? nghia M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e3 n?m v?ng c\u00e1i c?t l\u00f5i, linh h?n s?ng c?a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 phuong ph\u00e1p bi?n ch?ng duy v?t, h?c t?p, l?p tru?ng quan di?m, phuong ph\u00e1p bi?n ch?ng c?a ch? nghia M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin d? gi?i quy?t c\u00e1c v?n d? th?c ti?n c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam. 

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph?m, b\u00e0i vi\u00eat c?a H? Ch\u00ed Minh ph?n \u00e1nh b?n ch?t tu tu?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng c?a Ngu?i theo th? gi?i quan, phuong ph\u00e1p lu?n c?a ch? nghia M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin. 

Nhu v?y, ch? nghia M\u00e1c - L\u00ea-nin l\u00e0 m?t ngu?n g?c - ngu?n g?c ch? y?u nh?t, c?a tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e0 m?t b? ph?n h?u co - b? ph?n co s?, n?n t?ng c?a tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh. Kh\u00f4ng th? d?t tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh ra ngo\u00e0i h? tu tu?ng M\u00e1c - L\u00ea-nin, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th? t\u00e1ch tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh kh?i n?n t?ng c?a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch? nghia M\u00e1c - L\u00ea-nin.

3. \u00d0?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c l\u00e0 tu tu?ng xuy\u00ean su?t cu?c d?i ho?t d?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng c?a H? Ch\u00ed Minh. 

Tru?c nam 1911, H? Ch\u00ed Minh b?t d?u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tu tu?ng y\u00eau nu?c v\u00e0 ch\u00ed hu?ng c?u nu?c. T?m guong lao d?ng c?n c\u00f9, \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean cu?ng vu?t qua gian kh? d? d?t du?c m?c ti\u00eau, tu tu?ng th\u00e2n d\u00e2n c?a ngu?i cha d\u00e3 c\u00f3 ?nh hu?ng s\u00e2u s?c d?i v?i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c?a Ngu?i. Sau n\u00e0y, t? nh?ng ki?n th?c h?c du?c c?a ngu?i cha, b?t g?p tu tu?ng m?i c?a th?i d?i d\u00e3 du?c HCM n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh tu tu?ng c?t l\u00f5i trong du?ng l?i ch\u00ednh tr? c?a m\u00ecnh. T? nh?, Ngu?i d\u00e3 t?n m?t ch?ng ki?n cu?c s?ng ngh\u00e8o kh?, b? \u00e1p b?c, b\u00f3c l?t d?n c\u00f9ng c?c c?a d?ng b\u00e0o m\u00ecnh, tru?c nh?ng g\u00ec m?t th?y tai nghe th\u00ec HCM d\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh m?t tu tu?ng y\u00eau nu?c. V\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00fac Ngu?i ra di t\u00ecm m?t con du?ng m?i d? c?u nu?c, c?u d\u00e2n. 

Th?i k? t? nam 1911-1920, Ngu?i t\u00ecm th?y con du?ng c?u nu?c, gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c. Vi?c HCM ra nu?c ngo\u00e0i xu?t ph\u00e1t t? \u00fd th?c d\u00e2n t?c, t? ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c?u nu?c. Qua cu?c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d?n nhi?u nu?c thu?c d?a, ph? thu?c, tu b?n, d? qu?c, Ngu?i d\u00e3 x\u00fac d?ng tru?c c?nh kh? c?c, b? \u00e1p b?c c?a nh?ng ngu?i d\u00e2n lao d?ng. T? l\u00f2ng y\u00eau thuong d?ng b\u00e0o m\u00ecnh, H? Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00e0ng d?ng c?m v?i nh?ng ngu?i c\u00f9ng c?nh ng? tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th? gi?i. Nam 1919, thay m?t nh?ng ngu?i Vi?t Nam y\u00eau nu?c t?i Ph\u00e1p, Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c g?i B?n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n An Nam t?i H?i ngh? V\u00e9cx\u00e2y, d\u00f2i Ch\u00ednh ph? Ph\u00e1p th?a nh?n c\u00e1c quy?n t? do, d\u00e2n ch? v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d?ng c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi?t Nam. Trong th?i gian n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ? HCM t\u00ecnh c?m v\u00e0 \u00fd th?c do\u00e0n k?t gi?a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c b? \u00e1p b?c, r\u00e8n luy?n Ngu?i tr? th\u00e0nh m?t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 d?y d? ph?m ch?t, tu tu?ng, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c?a giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n. 

Th?c ti?n trong g?n 10 nam di t\u00ecm du?ng c?u nu?c, nh?t l\u00e0 khi d?c So th?o l?n th? nh?t nh?ng lu?n cuong v? v?n d? d\u00e2n t?c v\u00e0 v?n d? thu?c d?a c?a L\u00eanin, Ngu?i d\u00e3 c?m d?ng, ph?n kh?i, s\u00e1ng t?, tin tu?ng...vui m?ng d?n ph\u00e1t kh\u00f3c... V?i vi?c bi?u quy?t t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u00d0? tam Qu?c t? (Qu?c t? III), tham gia th\u00e0nh l?p \u00d0?ng C?ng s?n Ph\u00e1p (12-1920), tr? th\u00e0nh ngu?i c?ng s?n Vi?t Nam d?u ti\u00ean, d\u00e3 d\u00e1nh d?u bu?c chuy?n bi?n v? ch?t trong tu tu?ng Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c, t? ch? nghia y\u00eau nu?c d?n v?i ch? nghia L\u00eanin, t? gi\u00e1c ng? d\u00e2n t?c d?n gi\u00e1c ng? giai c?p, t? ngu?i y\u00eau nu?c tr? th\u00e0nh ngu?i c?ng s?n. 

Th?i k? t? nam 1921-1930: H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh co b?n tu tu?ng v? c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam. Trong giai do?n t? nam 1921 d?n nam 1930, Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c d\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh?ng ho?t d?ng th?c ti?n v\u00e0 ho?t d?ng l\u00fd lu?n h?t s?c phong ph\u00fa, s\u00f4i n?i tr\u00ean d?a b\u00e0n nu?c Ph\u00e1p (1921-1923), Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (1923-1924), Trung Qu?c (1924-1927), Th\u00e1i Lan (1928-1929). Trong kho?ng th?i gian n\u00e0y, tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh v? c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam d\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v? co b?n. Ngu?i vi?t nhi?u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o t? c\u00e1o ch? nghia th?c d\u00e2n, d? c?p d?n m?i quan h? m?t thi?t gi?a c\u00e1ch m?ng thu?c d?a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c, kh?ng d?nh c\u00e1ch m?ng gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c thu?c d?a l\u00e0 m?t b? ph?n c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n th? gi?i. 

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph?m c?a Ngu?i nhu B?n \u00e1n ch? d? th?c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1925), \u00d0u?ng c\u00e1ch m?nh (1927), Cuong linh d?u ti\u00ean c?a \u00d0?ng (1930) v\u00e0 nhi?u b\u00e0i vi?t kh\u00e1c trong giai do?n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s? ph\u00e1t tri?n v\u00e0 ti?p t?c ho\u00e0n thi?n tu tu?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng v? gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c.  

T? nam 1930 d?n 1945, vu?t qua th? th\u00e1ch, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec gi? v?ng l?p tru?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng. V\u00e0o cu?i nh?ng nam 20, d?u nh?ng nam 30 c?a th? k? XX, Qu?c t? c?ng s?n b? chi ph?i n?ng b?i khuynh hu?ng "t?". Khuynh hu?ng n\u00e0y d\u00e3 tr?c ti?p t\u00e1c d?ng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam. Do d\u00f3, Ban Ch?p h\u00e0nh Trung uong d\u00e3 ra ngh? quy?t th? ti\u00eau Ch\u00e1nh cuong, S\u00e1ch lu?c c?a \u00d0?ng; ch? tr\u00edch, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n du?ng l?i c?a Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c. Tr\u00ean co s? x\u00e1c d?nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c con du?ng c?n ph?i di c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam, Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c d\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec b?o v? quan di?m c?a m\u00ecnh v? d\u00e2n t?c, giai c?p, v? c\u00e1ch m?ng gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c. V\u00e0 th?c ti?n d\u00e3 ch?ng minh quan di?m c?a Ngu?i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00fang d?n. 

Tru?c khi v? nu?c, trong th?i gian c\u00f2n ho?t d?ng ? nu?c ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e3nh t? Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c v?n lu\u00f4n theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong nu?c, k?p th?i c\u00f3 nh?ng ch? d?o d? c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam ti?p t?c ti?n l\u00ean. Ngu?i vi?t t\u00e1m di?m x\u00e1c d?nh du?ng l?i, ch? truong cho c\u00e1ch m?ng \u00d0\u00f4ng Duong trong th?i k? 1936-1939. Khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th? gi?i c\u00f3 nh?ng bi?n d?ng m?i, Ngu?i d\u00e3 ch? d?ng d? ngh? Qu?c t? C?ng s?n cho v? nu?c ho?t d?ng. \u00d0u?c ch?p thu?n, Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c t? Matxcova v? Trung Qu?c (10-1938). Tai d\u00e2y, Ngu?i d\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh?ng quan di?m ch? d?o s\u00e1t h?p g?i cho c\u00e1c d?ng ch\u00ed l\u00e3nh d?o trong nu?c. Ng\u00e0y 28-1-1941, sau 30 nam ho?t d?ng ? nu?c ngo\u00e0i, Ngu?i tr? v? T? qu?c. T?i H?i ngh? P\u00e1c P\u00f3 (Cao B?ng) du?i s? ch? tr\u00ec c?a Nguy?n \u00c1i Qu?c, Ban ch?p h\u00e0nh Trung uong \u00d0?ng C?ng s?n \u00d0\u00f4ng Duong d\u00e3 ho\u00e0n ch?nh vi?c chuy?n hu?ng chi?n lu?c c?a c\u00e1ch m?nh Vi?t Nam. 

Nh?ng tu tu?ng v\u00e0 du?ng l?i d\u00fang d?n, s\u00e1ng t?o theo tu tu?ng HCM du?c dua ra v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua trong H?i ngh? n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd nghia quy?t d?nh chi?u hu?ng ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c ? nu?c ta, d?n d?n th?ng l?i c?a C\u00e1ch m?ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m nam 1945. 

B?n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n d?c l?p ng\u00e0y 2-9-1945 cho th?y d?c l?p, t? do g?n v?i phuong hu?ng ph\u00e1t tri?n l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i l\u00e0 tu tu?ng ch\u00ednh tr? c?t l\u00f5i, v?n d\u00e3 du?c H? Ch\u00ed Minh ph\u00e1c th?o l?n d?u trong Cuong linh c?a \u00d0?ng nam 1930. 

Th?i k? t? 1945-1969: Tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh ti?p t?c ph\u00e1t tri?n, ho\u00e0n thi?n. M?i gi\u00e0nh du?c ch\u00ednh quy?n th\u00ec th?c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p lam le quay l?i x\u00e2m lu?c, c\u00f9ng v?i vi?c qu\u00e2n Tu?ng k\u00e9o xu?ng d\u00e1nh mi?n B?c. Tru?c t\u00ecnh th? c?p b\u00e1ch, H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e3 b\u00ecnh tinh ch? d?o c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam vu?t qua hi?m nguy, di t?i th?ng l?i. Ngu?i ch? truong c?ng c? ch\u00ednh quy?n, d?y l\u00f9i gi?c d\u00f3i, gi?c d?t, kh?c ph?c n?n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh thi?u h?t. Ngu?i d? ra du?ng l?i v?a kh\u00e1ng chi?n v?a ki?n qu?c, th?c hi?n kh\u00e1ng chi?n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di?n, tru?ng k\u00ec, t? l?c c\u00e1nh sinh. Ngu?i d\u00e3 l\u00e3nh d?o c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam di t? th?ng l?i n\u00e0y d?n th?ng l?i kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e0nh l?i d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c. 

Trong su?t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh d?o c\u00e1ch m?ng nu?c ta, tu tu?ng HCM d\u00e3 ti?p t?c du?c b? sung, ph\u00e1t tri?n, trong d\u00f3 d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c l\u00e0 tu tu?ng xuy\u00ean su?t cu?c d?i c?a Ngu?i. 

4. Ch?ng minh lu?n di?m " C\u00e1ch m?ng gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c ? thu?c d?a c\u00f3 th? n? ra v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh th?ng l?i tru?c c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c" l\u00e0 m?t d\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr?ng c?a H? Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0o l\u00fd lu?n c\u00e1ch m?ng c?a Ch? nghia Mac. 

Theo Mac- Anghen c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c l\u00e0 c?n thi?t v\u00e0 du?c th?c hi?n tru?c. 

Theo L\u00ea nin c\u00e1ch m?ng ? thu?c d?a ph? thu?c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c. 

C\u00f2n theo HCM c\u00e1ch m?ng gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c ph?i du?c ti?n h\u00e0nh ch? d?ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh? nang gi\u00e0nh th?ng l?i tru?c c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c. 

Trong phong tr\u00e0o c?ng s?n qu?c t? d\u00e3 t?ng t?n t?i quan di?m xem th?ng l?i c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng thu?c d?a ph? thu?c v\u00e0o th?ng l?i c?a CM v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c. \u00d0? cuong v? phong tr\u00e0o CM ? c\u00e1c nu?c thu?c d?a v\u00e0 n?a thu?c d?a du?c th\u00f4ng qua t?i \u00d0?i h?i VI Qu?c t? c?ng s?n (1\/9\/1928) cho r?ng: "Ch? c\u00f3 th? th?c hi?n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng cu?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c thu?c d?a khi giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n gi\u00e0nh du?c th?ng l?i ? c\u00e1c nu?c tu b?n ti\u00ean ti?n". Quan di?m n\u00e0y v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung d\u00e3 gi?m t\u00ednh ch? d?ng, s\u00e1ng t?o c?a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o CM ? thu?c d?a. C\u00f2n theo HCM: Ko nh?t thi?t ph?i nhu v?y m\u00e0 CMVS ? thu?c d?a c\u00f3 th? th?ng l?i tru?c CMVS ? ch\u00ednh qu?c; v\u00e0 th?c t? d\u00e3 ch?ng minh di?u d\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00fang. Ngay t? d?i h?i V qu?c t? c?ng s?n (1924), Ngu?i d\u00e3 ch? r\u00f5: "v?n m?nh c?a giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n th? gi?i v\u00e0 d?c bi?t l\u00e0 v?n m?nh giai c?p VS ? c\u00e1c nu?c di x\u00e2m lu?c thu?c d?a ph?i g?n ch?t v?i v?n m?nh c?a giai c?p b? \u00e1p b?c ? c\u00e1c nu?c thu?c d?a..." 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh v?n d?ng nh?ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd m\u00e0 C.Mac dua ra: "S? gi?i ph\u00f3ng c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch? c\u00f3 th? th?c hi?n du?c b?i giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n" d? dua d?n kh?ng d?nh " c\u00f4ng cu?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng anh em ch? c\u00f3 th? th?c hi?n du?c b?ng s? n? l?c c?a b?n th\u00e2n anh em". V\u00ec v?y n\u00ean c\u00f4ng cu?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c thu?c d?a ph?i do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c d\u00f3 th?c hi?n. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh nh?n th?y s? t?n t?i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a CNTB l\u00e0 d?a tr\u00ean s? b\u00f3c l?t giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n thu?c d?a,v\u00ec v?y cu?c d?u tranh c?a giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c ph?i k?t h?p ch?t ch? v?i cu?c d?u tranh c?a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c thu?c d?a th\u00ec m?i ti\u00eau di?t du?c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n CNTB. Hon n?a theo d\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c?a HCM s? t?n t?i, ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a CNTB ch? y?u d?a v\u00e0o vi?c b\u00f3c l?t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c nu?c thu?c d?a, v\u00ec v?y cu?c c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n ? ch\u00ednh qu?c tru?c ch?ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o d\u00e1nh r?n d?ng du\u00f4i. T?i \u00d0H V Qu?c t? CS (6\/1924): Ngu?i l?p lu?n v? vai tr\u00f2 c?a CM thu?c d?a: "V?n m?nh c?a giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n ? c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh qu?c g?n ch?t v?i v?n m?nh c\u00e1c giai c?p b? \u00e1p b?c ? c\u00e1c thu?c d?a. N?c d?c v\u00e0 s?c s?ng c?a r?n d?c TBCN dang t?p trung ? c\u00e1c thu?c d?a, n?u khinh thu?ng CM thu?c d?a l\u00e0 mu?n d\u00e1nh r?n ch?t d?ng du\u00f4i." 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh ch? r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch? d?ng c?a CM thu?c d?a: Thu?c d?a l\u00e0 m?c x\u00edch y?u nh?t trong h? th?ng CN\u00d0Q, trong khi d\u00f3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n thu?c d?a lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tinh th?n y\u00eau nu?c, cam th\u00f9 x\u00e2m lu?c, h? s? v\u00f9ng l\u00ean khi th?i co d?n. V\u00ec v?y, nam 1924 Ngu?i kh?ng d?nh: CM thu?c d?a kh\u00f4ng nh?ng kh\u00f4ng ph? thu?c v\u00e0o CMVS ch\u00ednh qu?c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th? n? ra v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh th?ng l?i tru?c CM ch\u00ednh qu?c v\u00e0 khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh CM thu?c d?a h? c\u00f3 th? gi\u00fap d? giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n ch\u00ednh qu?c phuong T\u00e2y trong nhi?m v? gi?i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu?n di?m c\u00f3 \u00fd nghia th?c ti?n to l?n gi\u00fap CMGPDT ? Vi?t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nu?c thu?c d?a n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng th? d?ng, ? l?i ch? s? gi\u00fap d? t? b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh d?c l?p, t? ch?, t? l?c, t? cu?ng d? gi\u00e0nh th?ng l?i. 

5.Ch?ng minh r?ng di l\u00ean CNXH l\u00e0 s? l?a ch?n duy nh?t d\u00fang d?n c?a \u00d0?ng, c?a B\u00e1c H? v\u00e0 c?a d\u00e2n t?c Vi?t Nam. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e3 ti?p thu, v?n d?ng s\u00e1ng t?o l\u00fd lu?n Mac-L\u00eanin v? s? ph\u00e1t tri?n t?t y?u c?a x\u00e3 h?i lo\u00e0i ngu?i theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t?-x\u00e3 h?i. Quan di?m c?a H? Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0: Ti?n l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i l\u00e0 bu?c ph\u00e1t tri?n t?t y?u ? Vi?t Nam sau khi nu?c nh\u00e0 d\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh du?c d?c l?p theo con du?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng v\u00f4 s?n. 

Ngay t? d?u nh?ng nam 20 c?a th? k? XX, khi d\u00e3 tin theo l\u00fd lu?n v? ch? nghia c?ng s?n khoa h?c c?a ch? nghia Mac- L\u00eanin, H? Chi Minh d\u00e3 kh?ng d?nh: " Ch? c\u00f3 ch? nghia c?ng s?n m?i c?u nh\u00e2n lo?i, dem l?i cho con ngu?i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi?t ch?ng t?c v\u00e0 ngu?n g?c s? t? do, b\u00ecnh d?ng, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, do\u00e0n k?t, ?m no tr\u00ean qu? d?t, vi?c l\u00e0m cho m?i ngu?i v\u00e0 v\u00ec m?i ngu?i, ni?m vui, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h?nh ph\u00fac, n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l?i l\u00e0 n?n c?ng h\u00f2a th? gi?i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, x\u00f3a b? nh?ng bi\u00ean gi?i tu b?n chue nghia cho d?n nay ch? l\u00e0 nh?ng v\u00e1ch tu?ng d\u00e0i ngan c?n nh?ng ngu?i lao d?ng tr\u00ean th? gi?i hi?u nhau v\u00e0 y\u00eau thuong nhau". 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh ti?p c?n ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i theo quan di?m Mac- Lenin t? l?p tru?ng c?a m?t ngu?i y\u00eau nu?c. Ngu?i ti?p thu quan di?m c?a nh?ng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l?p ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i khoa h?c, d?ng th?i c\u00f3 s? b? sung c\u00e1ch ti?p c?n m?i v? ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e3 th?y r\u00f5 t\u00ednh t?t y?u c?a s? ph\u00e1t tri?n d\u00e2n t?c Vi?t Nam l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i ngay khi tr? th\u00e0nh ngu?i c?ng s?n nam 1920 v\u00e0 kh?ng d?nh di?u d\u00f3 trong Cuong linh ch\u00ednh tr? d?u ti\u00ean c?a \u00d0?ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam; ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, nh?t qu\u00e1n b?o v? v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n quan di?m n\u00e0y trong su?t bu?c du?ng ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam t? d\u00f3 v? sau. D\u00e2n t?c Vi?t Nam x\u00e2y d?ng x\u00e3 h?i x\u00e3 h?i ch? nghia cung l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo quy lu?t ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a d\u00e2n t?c Vi?t Nam: d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c v\u00e0 ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i g?n li?n v?i nhau. \u00d0?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c l\u00e0 ti?n d?, l\u00e0 di?u ki?n ti\u00ean quy?t d? x\u00e2y d?ng CNXH; x\u00e2y d?ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng CNXH l\u00e0 m?t di?u ki?n d?m b?o vung ch?c, d?ng th?i l\u00e0 m?c ti\u00eau cho d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c hu?ng t?i. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 quan ni?m t?ng qu\u00e1t khi coi ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i nhu m?t ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i bao g?m c\u00e1c m?t r?t phong ph\u00fa, ho\u00e0n ch?nh, trong d\u00f3 con ngu?i du?c ph\u00e1t tri?n to\u00e0n di?n, t? do. Trong m?t x\u00e3 h?i nhu th?, m?i thi?t ch?, co c?u x\u00e3 h?i d?u nh?m t?i m?c ti\u00eau gi?i ph\u00f3ng con ngu?i. H? Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i ? Vi?t Nam trong \u00fd th?c, d?ng l?c c?a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n du?i s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam. X\u00e2y d?ng m?t x\u00e3 h?i nhu th? l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi?m, nghia v? v\u00e0 quy?n l?i, d?ng l?c c?a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t?c. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh nh?n m?nh ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i d?c trung ? nh?ng di?m sau: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m?t ch? d? ch\u00ednh tr? do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng l\u00e0m ch?; Ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i l\u00e0 m?t ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i c\u00f3 n?n kinh t? ph\u00e1t tri?n cao, g?n li?n v?i s? ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a khoa h?c-k? thu?t; Ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i l\u00e0 ch? d? kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngu?i b\u00f3c l?t ngu?i; Ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i l\u00e0 m?t x\u00e3 h?i ph\u00e1t tri?n cao v? van h\u00f3a, d?o d?c. 

C.M\u00e1c, Angghen, V.L\u00eanin d?u kh?ng d?nh t\u00ednh t?t y?u kh\u00e1ch quan c?a th?i k? qu\u00e1 d? l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. Tr\u00ean co s? v?n d?ng l\u00fd lu?n v? c\u00e1ch m?ng, v? th?i 

k? qu\u00e1 d? l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i c?a ch? nghia Mac-lenin v\u00e0 xu?t ph\u00e1t t? d?c di?m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nu?c nh\u00e0, H? Ch\u00ed Minh kh?ng d?nh con du?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam l\u00e0 ti?n h\u00e0nh gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m?ng d\u00e2n t?c d\u00e2n ch? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ti?n d?n l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

Qua nhi?u t\u00e1c ph?m nhu Con du?ng dua t\u00f4i t?i Ch? nghia Mac-Lenin..., H? Ch\u00ed Minh nh?n d?nh XHCN l\u00e0 l?a ch?n d\u00fang d?n nh?t, l\u00e0 l? t? nhi\u00ean c?a s? v?n d?ng c?a th? gi?i kh\u00e1ch quan. 

Tr\u00ean th?c ti?n, s? th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r?c r? c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng Th\u00e1ng 10 Nga; vi?c nu?c Nga v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo?t nhi?u nu?c tr\u00ean th? gi?i di theo con du?ng XHCN; nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng th? gi?i du?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng, cu?c s?ng no d?. ? nu?c ta, c\u00e1ch m?ng cung th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, d?i s?ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao du?i s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng, c?a Nh\u00e0 nu?c c\u00e0ng cho th?y l?a ch?n di l\u00ean CNXH l\u00e0 l?a ch?n d\u00fang d?n c?a \u00d0?ng, c?a B\u00e1c H? v\u00e0 c?a c? d\u00e2n t?c Vi?t Nam.

6. C\u00e1c d?ng l?c c?a CNXH theo tu tu?ng HCM. 

Theo H? Ch\u00ed Minh th\u00ec c\u00f3 d?ng l?c b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 d?ng l?c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c d?ng l?c b\u00ean trong nhu v?t ch?t, tinh th?n ch?a d?ng con ngu?i, kinh t?, van h\u00f3a, khoa h?c, gi\u00e1o d?c... C\u00e1c d?ng l?c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nhu s?c m?nh th?i d?i, do\u00e0n k?t qu?c t?.. 

Ngu?i kh?ng d?nh, d?ng l?c quan tr?ng nh?t v\u00e0 quy?t d?nh nh?t l\u00e0 con ngu?i, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng, n\u00f2ng c?t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng-n\u00f4ng-tr\u00ed th?c. H? Ch\u00ed Minh thu?ng xuy\u00ean quan t\u00e2m d?n l?i \u00edch ch\u00ednh d\u00e1ng c?a h?; d?ng th?i cham lo b?i du?ng s?c d\u00e2n. ? d?ng l?c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s? k?t h?p gi?a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v?i x\u00e3 h?i. Ngu?i cho r?ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i n\u00e0o coi tr?ng l?i \u00edch ch\u00ednh d\u00e1ng c?a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n con ngu?i b?ng ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i ch? nghia. Truy?n th?ng y\u00eau nu?c c?a d\u00e2n t?c, s? do\u00e0n k?t c?ng d?ng, s?c lao d?ng s\u00e1ng t?o c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, d\u00f3 l\u00e0 s?c m?nh t?ng h?p t?o n\u00ean d?ng l?c quan tr?ng c?a ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh d?c bi?t quan t\u00e2m d?n hi?u l?c c?a t? ch?c, b? m\u00e1y, t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam minh c?a k? lu?t, ph\u00e1p lu?t, s? trong s?ch, li\u00eam khi?t c?a d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c c\u00e1c c?p t? Trung uong t?i d?a phuong. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh r?t coi tr?ng d?ng l?c kinh t?, ph\u00e1t tri?n kinh t?, s?n xu?t, kinh doanh, gi?i ph\u00f3ng m?i nang l?c s?n xu?t, \u00edch nu?c l?i d\u00e2n, g?n li?n kinh t? v?i k? thu?t, kinh t? v?i x\u00e3 h?i. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh cung r?t quan t\u00e2m d?n van h\u00f3a, khoa h?c, gi\u00e1o d?c, coi d\u00f3 l\u00e0 d?ng l?c tinh th?n kh\u00f4ng th? thi?u c?a ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

T?t c? c\u00e1c ngu?n l?c n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh?ng ngu?n l?c ti?m t\u00e0ng c?a s? ph\u00e1t tri?n. V\u00e0 d? nh?ng kh? nang, nang l?c ti?m t\u00e0ng d\u00f3 tr? th\u00e0nh s?c m?nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng?ng ph\u00e1t tri?n th\u00ec c?n c\u00f3 s? l\u00e3nh d?o d\u00fang d?n c?a \u00d0?ng. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 h?t nh\u00e2n trong h? d?ng l?c c?a ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c d?ng l?c b\u00ean trong, theo HCM ph?i k?t h?p du?c v?i s?c m?nh th?i d?i, tang cu?ng do\u00e0n k?t qu?c t?, ch? nghia y\u00eau nu?c ph?i g?n li?n v?i ch? nghia qu?c t? c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ph?i s? d?ng t?t nh?ng th\u00e0nh qu? khoa h?c- ki thu?t th? gi?i... 

B\u00ean c?nh vi?c ch? ra c\u00e1c ngu?n d?ng l?c ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a CNXH, Ngu?i c\u00f2n luu \u00fd, c?nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngan ng?a c\u00e1c y?u t? k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, tri?t ti\u00eau ngu?n l?c v?n c\u00f3 c?a CNXH, l\u00e0m ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i tr\u00ec tr?, xo c?ng... d\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau... 

Gi?a n?i l?c v\u00e0 ngo?i l?c, HCM x\u00e1c d?nh r?t r\u00f5 n?i l?c l\u00e0 quy?t d?nh nh?t, ngo?i l?c l\u00e0 r?t quan tr?ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th?, Ngu?i hay n\u00eau cao tinh th?n d?c l?p, t? ch?, t? l?c c\u00e1nh sinh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, nhung lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr?ng tranh th? s? gi\u00fap d? h?p t\u00e1c qu?c t?, k?t h?p s?c m?nh d\u00e2n t?c v?i s?c m?nh qu?c t? t?o s?c m?nh t?ng h?p x\u00e2y d?ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

7.Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m?i quan h? gi?a \u00d0?ng v?i m?t tr?n v\u00e0 gi?i th\u00edch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t?c ho?t d?ng c?a m?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t theo tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh. 

M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t l\u00e0 noi quy t? m?i t? ch?c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n y\u00eau nu?c, noi t?p h?p m?i con d\u00e2n Vi?t, kh\u00f4ng ch? ? trong nu?c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g?m c? nh?ng ngu?i Vi?t Nam d?nh cu ? nu?c ngo\u00e0i, d\u00f9 ? b?t c? phuong tr?i n\u00e0o, n?u t?m l\u00f2ng v?n hu?ng v? qu\u00ea huong d?t nu?c, v? T? qu?c Vi?t nam, d?u du?c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c?a M?t tr?n. \u00d0\u00e2y t? ch?c ch\u00ednh tr?-x\u00e3 h?i r?ng l?n c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n VN, noi quy t?, t?p h?p d\u00f4ng d?o c\u00e1c giai c?p, t?ng l?p, d\u00e2n t?c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d?ng ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1c t? ch?c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n y\u00eau nu?c ? trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i nu?c, ph?n d?u v\u00ec m?c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c, th?ng nh?t c?a T? qu?c, t? do v\u00e0 h?nh ph\u00fac c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t?c co b?n v? x\u00e2y d?ng v\u00e0 ho?t d?ng c?a M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t: 

-M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t ph?i du?c x\u00e2y d?ng tr\u00ean n?n t\u00e0ng kh?i li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng-n\u00f4ng-tr\u00ed th?c, d?t du?i s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t?c c?t l\u00f5i trong chi?n lu?c d?i do\u00e0n k?t c?a H? Ch\u00ed Minh. Ngu?i vi?t: "L?c lu?ng ch? y?u trong kh?i do\u00e0n k?t d\u00e2n t?c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n?n t?ng c?a M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t". Ngu?i cung n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng, n\u00f4ng, tr\u00ed c?n do\u00e0n k?t ch?t ch? th\u00e0nh m?t kh?i. 

Theo HCM, d?i do\u00e0n k?t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi?c c?a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t?c nhung n\u00f3 ch? c\u00f3 th? c?ng c? v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n v?ng ch?c khi du?c \u00d0?ng l\u00e3nh d?o. S? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng d?i v?i M?t tr?n v?a l\u00e0 v?n d? mang t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t?c, v?a l\u00e0 m?t t?t y?u b?o d?m cho M?t tr?n t?n t?i, ph\u00e1t tri?n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi?u l?c trong th?c ti?n. Ch? c\u00f3 \u00d0?ng m?i d\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 du?c d\u00fang vai tr\u00f2 c?a qu?n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m?i v?ch ra du?c du?ng l?i chi?n lu?c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch lu?c d\u00fang d?n d? l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, t?p h?p qu?n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o kh?i d?i do\u00e0n k?t trong M?t tr?n. H? Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c d?nh, m?i quan h? gi?a \u00d0?ng v\u00e0 M?t tr?n l\u00e0 m?i quan h? m\u00e1u th?t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 M?t tr?n, \u00d0?ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l?c lu?ng, kh\u00f4ng th? th?c hi?n du?c nh?ng nhi?m v? c\u00e1ch m?ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng, M?t tr?n kh\u00f4ng th? h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri?n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phuong hu?ng ho?t d?ng d\u00fang d?n. Do v?y, \u00d0?ng C?ng s?n VN v?a l\u00e0 m?t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c?a M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t, v?a l\u00e0 l?c lu?ng l\u00e3nh d?o M?t tr?n. 

HCM cho r?ng, s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng d?i v?i M?t tr?n v?a l\u00e0 m?t t?t y?u,v?a ph?i c\u00f3 di?u ki?n. T\u00ednh t?t y?u th? hi?n ? nang l?c n?m b?t th?c ti?n, d? v?ch ra du?ng l?i v\u00e0 phuong ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch m?ng ph\u00f9 h?p. M?c ti\u00eau c?a \u00d0?ng l\u00e0 d?u tranh gi?i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t?c v\u00e0 gi?i ph\u00f3ng giai c?p, k?t h?p d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c v?i ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. \u00d0? l\u00e3nh d?o M?t tr?n, \u00d0?ng ph?i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M?t tr?n d\u00fang d?n, ph\u00f9 h?p v?i t?ng giai do?n, t?ng th?i k? c\u00e1ch m?ng, ph\u00f9 h?p v?i quy?n l?i v\u00e0 nguy?n v?ng c?a d?i da s? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ngu?i vi?t: " Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M?t tr?n l\u00e0 m?t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r?t quan tr?ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M?t tr?n l\u00e0 m?t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c r?t quan tr?ng trong to\u00e0n b? c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m?ng". Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh d?o M?t tr?n, ph?i di d\u00fang du?ng l?i qu?n ch\u00fang, ph?i d\u00f9ng phuong ph\u00e1p v?n d?ng, gi\u00e1o d?c, thuy?t ph?c, n\u00eau guong, l?y l\u00f2ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh d? d?i x?, c?m h\u00f3a, khoi g?i tinh th?n t? gi\u00e1c, t? nguy?n, tuy?t d?i kh\u00f4ng du?c l?y quy?n uy c?a m\u00ecnh d? bu?c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong M?t tr?n ph?i tu\u00e2n theo. 

-M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t ph?i ho?t d?ng tr\u00ean co s? b?o d?m l?i \u00edch t?i cao c?a d\u00e2n t?c, quy?n l?i co b?n c?a c\u00e1c t?ng l?p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

Th\u00e0nh l?p M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t l\u00e0 d? th?c hi?n d?i do\u00e0n k?t to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, song kh?i d?i do\u00e0n d\u00f3 ch? c\u00f3 th? th?c hi?n b?n ch?t v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i khi c\u00f3 s? th?ng nh?t cao d? v? m?c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 l?i \u00edch. M?c d\u00edch chung c?a M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t du?c HCM x\u00e1c d?nh c? th? ph\u00f9 h?p v?i t?ng giai do?n c\u00e1ch m?ng, nh?m t?p h?p t?i m?c cao nh?t l?c lu?ng d\u00e2n t?c v\u00e0o kh?i d?i do\u00e0n k?t. X\u00e2y d?ng M?t tr?n xu?t ph\u00e1t t? m?c ti\u00eau v\u00ec nu?c, v\u00ec d\u00e2n tr\u00ean co s? y\u00eau nu?c thuong d\u00e2n; d?c l?p, t? do l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t?c b?t di b?t d?ch, l\u00e0 ng?n c? do\u00e0n k?t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m?u s? chung d? quy t? c\u00e1c t?ng l?p, giai c?p, d?ng ph\u00e1i, d\u00e2n t?c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o trong M?t tr?n. 

-M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t ph?i ho?t d?ng theo nguy\u00ean t?c hi?p thuong d\u00e2n ch?, d?m b?o do\u00e0n k?t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r?ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 b?n v?ng. 

Nguy\u00ean t?c hi?p thuong d\u00e2n ch? d\u00f2i h?i t?t c? m?i v?n d? c?a M?t tr?n d?u ph?i du?c dem ra d? t?t c? c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00e0n b?c c\u00f4ng khai, d? di d?n nh?t tr\u00ed, lo?i tr? m?i s? \u00e1p d?t ho?c d\u00e2n ch? h\u00ecnh th?c.  

\u00d0? th?c hi?n nguy\u00ean t?c hi?p thuong d\u00e2n ch? ph?i d?ng tr\u00ean l?p tru?ng giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, gi?i quy?t h\u00e0i h\u00f2a m?i quan h? gi?a l?i \u00edch d\u00e2n t?c v\u00e0 l?i \u00edch giai c?p, l?i \u00edch chung v\u00e0 l?i \u00edch ri\u00eang, l?i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 l?i \u00edch tru?c m?t... Ph?i l\u00e0m cho t?t c? c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong M?t tr?n th?m nhu?n l?i \u00edch chung, l?i \u00edch t?i cao c?a d\u00e2n t?c, ph?i d?t l?i \u00edch chung l\u00ean tr\u00ean h?t, tru?c h?t. 

Gi?i quy?t d\u00fang d?n m?i quan h? l?i \u00edch trong M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t s? g\u00f3p ph?n c?ng c? s? b?n ch?t, t?o s? d?ng thu?n, nh?t tr\u00ed cao v\u00e0 th?c hi?n du?c m?c ti\u00eau: " \u00d0?ng t\u00ecnh, d?ng s?c, d?ng l\u00f2ng, d?ng minh". \u00d0?ng th?i, d\u00f3 cung l\u00e0 co s? d? m? r?ng kh?i d?i do\u00e0n k?t, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o th\u00eam c\u00e1c l?c lu?ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t. 

-M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t l\u00e0 kh?i do\u00e0n k?t ch?t ch?, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do\u00e0n k?t th?t s?, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, th\u00e2n \u00e1i gi\u00fap d? nhau c\u00f9ng ti?n b?. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau r\u00f5: " \u00d0o\u00e0n k?t ph?i g?n v?i d?u tranh, d?u tranh d? tang cu?ng do\u00e0n k?t". Ngu?i thu?ng xuy\u00ean can d?n m?i ngu?i c?n ph?i kh?c ph?c t\u00ecnh tr?ng do\u00e0n k?t xu\u00f4i chi?u, d?ng th?i ph?i c\u00f3 t?m l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, khoan dung, d? lu?ng, kh?c ph?c thi\u00ean ki?n, h?p h\u00f2i, thi?n c?n, ph?i n\u00eau cao tinh th?n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t? ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh d? bi?u duong m?t t?t, kh?c ph?c m?t chua t?t, nh?m c?ng c? v\u00e0 m? r?ng kh?i do\u00e0n k?t trong M?t tr?n d\u00e2n t?c th?ng nh?t. 

Ngu?i vi?t: " \u00d0o\u00e0n k?t th?c s? nghia l\u00e0 m?c d\u00ednh ph?i nh?t tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l?p tru?ng cung ph?i nh?t tr\u00ed. \u00d0o\u00e0n k?t th?c s? nghia l\u00e0 v?a do\u00e0n k?t, v?a d?u tranh, h?c nh?ng c\u00e1i t?t c?a nhau, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh?ng c\u00e1i sai c?a nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l?p tru?ng th\u00e2n \u00e1i, v\u00ec nu?c, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. T\u00f3m l?i, mu?n ti?n l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i th\u00ec to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c?n do\u00e0n k?t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do\u00e0n k?t th?c s? v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau ti?n b?".

8. Tu tu?ng HCM v? \u00d0?ng c?m quy?n, \u00d0?ng v?a l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o, v?a l\u00e0 ngu?i d?y t? th?t trung th\u00e0nh c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

\u00d0?ng CS VN l\u00e0 \u00d0?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, mang b?n ch?t c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. \u00d0?ng d\u00ecu d?t giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n, l\u00e3nh d?o giai c?p v\u00f4 s?n, l\u00e3nh d?o c\u00e1ch m?ng Vi?t Nam, dem l?i cu?c s?ng t? do, h?nh ph\u00fac cho to\u00e0n th? d\u00e2n t?c. 

"\u00d0?ng c?m quy?n" l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni?m d\u00f9ng trong khoa h?c ch\u00ednh tr?, ch? m?t d?ng ch\u00ednh tr? d?i di?n cho m?t giai c?p dang n?m gi? v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh d?o ch\u00ednh quy?n d? di?u h\u00e0nh, qu?n l\u00fd d?t nu?c nh?m th?c hi?n l?i \u00edch c?a giai c?p m\u00ecnh. 

Theo HCM, \u00d0?ng c?m quy?n l\u00e0 \u00d0?ng ti?p t?c l\u00e3nh d?o s? nghi?p c\u00e1ch m?ng trong di?u khi?n \u00d0?ng d\u00e3 l\u00e3nh d?o qu?n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u00e0nh du?c quy?n l?c nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00e0 \u00d0?ng tr?c ti?p l\u00e3nh d?o b? m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 nu?c d\u00f3 d? ti?p t?c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s? nghi?p d?c l?p d\u00e2n t?c, d\u00e2n ch? v\u00e0 ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

Phuong th?c l\u00e3nh d?o, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch? y?u c?a \u00d0?ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d?c, thuy?t ph?c,v?n d?ng t? ch?c qu?n ch\u00fang, dua qu?n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o d?u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy?n. M?c d\u00edch, l\u00fd tu?ng c?a \u00d0?ng l\u00e0 gi?i ph\u00f3ng giai c?p, tri?t d? gi?i ph\u00f3ng con ngu?i, x\u00e2y d?ng cu?c s?ng ?m no cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti?n l\u00ean ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

\u00d0?ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o, x\u00e1c d?nh "ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o" l\u00e0 x\u00e1c d?nh quy?n l\u00e3nh d?o duy nh?t c?a \u00d0?ng d?i v?i to\u00e0n b? x\u00e3 h?i v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy?n, \u00d0?ng l\u00e3nh d?o ch\u00ednh quy?n nh\u00e0 nu?c. \u00d0?i tu?ng l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th? qu?n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh?m dem l?i d?c l?p cho d\u00e2n t?c, t? do, ?m no, h?nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Mu?n l\u00e3nh d?o du?c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng, tru?c h?t \u00d0?ng ph?i c\u00f3 tu c\u00e1ch, ph?m ch?t, nang l?c c?n thi?t. V\u00ec "qu?n ch\u00fang ch? qu\u00fd m?n nh?ng ngu?i c\u00f3 tu c\u00e1ch, d?o d?c" v\u00e0 "ch? trong d?u tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h?ng ng\u00e0y, khi qu?n ch\u00fang r?ng r\u00e3i th?a nh?n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00fang d?n v\u00e0 nang l?c l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng, th\u00ec \u00d0?ng m?i gi\u00e0nh du?c d?a v? l\u00e3nh d?o". 

"L\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o", theo HCM, l\u00e3nh d?o ph?i b?ng gi\u00e1o d?c, thuy?t ph?c, nghia l\u00e0 \u00d0?ng ph?i l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n ph?c d? d\u00e2n theo. \u00d0?ng " Ph?i di du?ng l?i qu?n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng du?c quan li\u00eau, m?nh l?nh v\u00e0 g\u00f2 \u00e9p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n", m\u00e0 ph?i gi\u00e1o d?c, tuy\u00ean truy?n, gi\u00e1c ng? d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d? th?c t?nh h?. \u00d0?ng ph?i t? ch?c, do\u00e0n k?t h? l?i th\u00e0nh m?t kh?i th?ng nh?t, b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch cho d\u00e2n v\u00e0 hu?ng d?n h? h\u00e0nh d?ng. V\u00ec v?y, ch?c nang l\u00e3nh d?o v\u00e0 s? l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng ph?i b?o d?m tr\u00ean t?t c? c\u00e1c m?t, c\u00e1c linh v?c c?a d?i s?ng x\u00e3 h?i, ph?i quan t\u00e2m cham ki d?n d?i s?ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u00d0?ng l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o, nhung HCM cung ch? r\u00f5: \u00d0?ng ph?i s\u00e2u s\u00e1t, g?n b\u00f3 m?t thi?t v?i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l?ng nghe \u00fd ki?n c?a d\u00e2n, khi\u00eam t?n h?c h?i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph?i ch?u s? ki?m so\u00e1t c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.  

\u00d0?ng ph?i l\u00e3nh d?o nh\u00e0 nu?c m?t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di?n, m\u00e0 trong d\u00f3 v\u00e0 tru?c h?t l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh d?o x\u00e2y d?ng lu?t ph\u00e1p d? qu?n l\u00fd, di?u h\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h?i. \u00d0? th?c hi?n d?y d? ch?c nang c?a \u00d0?ng v?i tu c\u00e1ch ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o, HCM c\u00f2n d? c?p m?t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s?c d?n vi?c \u00d0?ng ph?i th?c hi?n ch? d? ki?m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean phong c?a d?i ngu c\u00e1n b? d?ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1n b? c?a \u00d0?ng. 

\u00d0?ng l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o nhung \u00d0?ng cung l\u00e0 ngu?i d?y t? trung th\u00e0nh c?a d\u00e2n. " \u00d0?y t?" ? d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghia l\u00e0 "t\u00f4i t?, t\u00f4i d\u00f2i hay theo du\u00f4i qu?n ch\u00fang" m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t?n t\u00e2m, t?n l?c ph?ng s? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh?m dem l?i c\u00e1c quy?n v\u00e0 l?i \u00edch cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ngu?i nh?n m?nh: "\u00d0\u00e3 ph?ng s? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, th\u00ec ph?i ph?ng s? cho ra tr\u00f2. Nghia l\u00e0 vi?c g\u00ec c\u00f3 l?i cho d\u00e2n, th\u00ec ph?i l\u00e0m cho k\u00ec du?c. Vi?c g\u00ec h?i cho d\u00e2n, th\u00ec ph?i h?t s?c tr\u00e1nh". M?i c\u00e1n b? d?ng vi\u00ean trong m?i ho?t d?ng c?a m\u00ecnh d?u ph?i quan th?c s? d?n l?i \u00edch c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph?i l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n ph?c d? d\u00e2n h?t l\u00f2ng ?ng h?, gi\u00fap d?. 

Nhu v?y, "l\u00e0 ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o", "l\u00e0 ngu?i d?y t?" tuy l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni?m nhung d?u du?c HCM s? d?ng v\u00e0 ch? ra s? g?n b\u00f3 th?ng nh?t, quan h? bi?n ch?ng gi?a hai kh\u00e1i ni?m d\u00f3 v?i nhau. L\u00e0m t?t ch?c nang l\u00e3nh d?o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi?m v? d?y t? cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 co s? v?ng ch?c nh?t d?m b?o uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 nang l?c l\u00e3nh d?o c?a \u00d0?ng.

9.Tu tu?ng HCM v? nh\u00e0 nu?c c?a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. H\u00e3y n\u00eau nh?ng vi?c l?n dang du?c \u00d0?ng ta tri?n khai d? x\u00e2y d?ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi?n nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n XHCN ? nu?c ta hi?n nay. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 quan di?m nh?t qu\u00e1n v? x\u00e2y d?ng m?t nh\u00e0 nu?c m?i ? Vi?t Nam l\u00e0 m?t nh\u00e0 nu?c do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng l\u00e0m ch?. Quan di?m d\u00f3 xuy\u00ean su?t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi ph?i t\u00f2an b? qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a Nh\u00e0 nu?c c\u00e1ch m?ng ? Vi?t Nam.  

Nh\u00e0 nu?c c?a d\u00e2n: Quan di?m nh?t qu\u00e1n c?a HCM l\u00e0 x\u00e1c l?p t?t c? m?i quy?n l?c trong Nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h?i d?u thu?c v? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Quan di?m n\u00e0y c?a HCM du?c th? hi?n trong c\u00e1c Hi?n ph\u00e1p do Ngu?i l\u00e3nh d?o so?n th?o: Hi?n ph\u00e1p nam 1946 v\u00e0 Hi?n ph\u00e1p nam 1959. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy?n l\u00e0m ch? v? ch\u00ednh tr?, kinh t?, van h\u00f3a-x\u00e3 h?i, b?u ra Qu?c h?i-co quan quy?n l?c nh\u00e0 nu?c cao nh?t th? hi?n quy?n t?i cao c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

Quy?n l\u00e0m ch? v\u00e0 d?ng th?i cung l\u00e0 quy?n ki?m so\u00e1t c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th? hi?n ? ch? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy?n b\u00e3i mi?n nh?ng d?i bi?u Qu?c h?i v\u00e0 d?i bi?u H?i d?ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00e0o n?u nh?ng d?i bi?u d\u00f3 t? ra kh\u00f4ng x?ng d\u00e1ng v?i s? t\u00edn nhi?m c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

H? Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau l\u00ean quan di?m d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch? v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch?. D\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch? c\u00f3 nghia l\u00e0 x\u00e1c d?nh v? th? c?a d\u00e2n, c\u00f2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch? c\u00f3 nghia l\u00e0 x\u00e1c d?nh quy?n, nghia v? c?a d\u00e2n. Trong Nh\u00e0 nu?c c?a d\u00e2n, v?i \u00fd nghia d\u00f3, ngu?i d\u00e2n du?c hu?ng m?i quy?n d\u00e2n ch?. B?ng thi?t ch? d\u00e2n ch?, Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph?i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi?m d?m b?o quy?n l\u00e0m ch? c?a d\u00e2n, d? cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th?c thi quy?n l\u00e0m ch? c?a m\u00ecnh trong h? th?ng quy?n l?c c?a x\u00e3 h?i. 

Nh\u00e0 nu?c do d\u00e2n: Nh\u00e0 nu?c do d\u00e2n l?p n\u00ean, do d\u00e2n ?ng h?, d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch?. 

Trong tu tu?ng HCM v? x\u00e2y d?ng Nh\u00e0 nu?c Vi?t Nam m?i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 d? di?u ki?n, c? v? ph\u00e1p lu?t v\u00e0 th?c t?, d? tham gia qu?n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 nu?c. Ngu?i n\u00eau r\u00f5 quy?n c?a d\u00e2n, Nh\u00e0 nu?c do d\u00e2n t?o ra v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia qu?n l\u00fd. To\u00e0n b? c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l?a ch?n b?u ra nh?ng d?i bi?u Qu?c h?i. M?i c\u00f4ng vi?c c?a b? m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 nu?c trong vi?c qu?n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h?i d?u th?c hi?n \u00fd ch\u00ed c?a d\u00e2n. 

Nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00ec d\u00e2n: Nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00ec d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m?t nh\u00e0 nu?c l?y l?i \u00edch ch\u00ednh d\u00e1ng c?a d\u00e2n l\u00e0m m?c ti\u00eau, t?t c? d?u v\u00ec l?i \u00edch c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b?t c? m?t l?i \u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c trong s?ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b?t k? m?t d?c quy?n, d?c l?i n\u00e0o. Tr\u00ean tinh th?n d\u00f3, H? Ch\u00ed Minh nh?n m?nh m?i du?ng l?i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d?u ch? nh?m dua l?i quy?n l?i cho d\u00e2n; vi?c g\u00ec c\u00f3 l?i cho d\u00e2n d\u00f9 nh? cung c? g?ng l\u00e0m, vi?c g\u00ec c\u00f3 h?i cho d\u00e2n d\u00f9 nh? cung c? g?ng tr\u00e1nh. Nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00ec d\u00e2n, theo quan di?m c?a HCM, th\u00ec t? Ch? t?ch nu?c d?n c\u00f4ng ch?c b\u00ecnh thu?ng d?u ph?i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng b?c, l\u00e0m d?y t? cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

Nh?ng vi?c l?n dang du?c \u00d0?ng ta tri?n khai d? x\u00e2y d?ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi?n Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n XHCN ? nu?c ta hi?n nay: 

Hi?n nay ch\u00fang ta dang t?ng bu?c x\u00e2y d?ng Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n Vi?t Nam x\u00e3 h?i ch? nghia (XHCN) c?a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Ch? khi c\u00f3 m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c nhu v?y m?i c\u00f3 th? ph\u00e1t huy du?c quy?n d\u00e2n ch? c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, d?m b?o quy?n s?ng, quy?n du?c l\u00e0m vi?c, du?c lao d?ng, du?c h?c h\u00e0nh, du?c d?m b?o an ninh tr?t t?, an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h?i. N\u00f3 ?nh hu?ng t?i s? l\u00e0nh m?nh c?a n?n d\u00e2n ch?, t?i cu?c s?ng v\u00e0 s? ph?n c?a t?ng ngu?i d\u00e2n, t?i chi?u hu?ng ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a x\u00e3 h?i. 

\u00d0? th?c hi?n t?t ch?c nang h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c?a Ch\u00ednh ph?, Ngh? quy?t \u00d0?i h?i \u00d0?ng l?n th? X ghi r\u00f5: "\u00d0?y m?nh c?i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, d?i m?i t? ch?c v\u00e0 ho?t d?ng c?a Ch\u00ednh ph? theo hu?ng x\u00e2y d?ng h? th?ng co quan h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p th?ng nh?t, th\u00f4ng su?t, hi?n d?i. Lu?t ho\u00e1 co c?u, t? ch?c c?a Ch\u00ednh ph?; t? ch?c b? qu?n l\u00fd da ng\u00e0nh, da linh v?c, b?o d?m tinh g?n v\u00e0 h?p l\u00fd. Ph\u00e2n c?p m?nh, giao quy?n ch? d?ng hon n?a cho ch\u00ednh quy?n d?a phuong, nh?t l\u00e0 trong vi?c quy?t d?nh v? ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, d?u tu, ngu?n nh\u00e2n l?c, th?c hi?n nghia v? t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d?i v?i Trung uong" 

Trong nh?ng nam g?n d\u00e2y d? t?ng bu?c x\u00e2y d?ng nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n, Nh\u00e0 nu?c Vi?t Nam d\u00e3 th?c hi?n nhi?u ho?t d?ng: Ho\u00e0n thi?n, s?a d?i Lu?t, cung nhu c\u00e1c van b?n du?i lu?t; tang cu?ng c\u00e1c d?nh ch? ki?m tra, thanh tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi?c th?c hi?n ph\u00e1p lu?t; \u00d0?i m?i b? m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 nu?c t? vi?c t? ch?c d?n ho?t d?ng th?c t? c?a co quan quy?n l?c nh\u00e0 nu?c, co quan h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, co quan tu ph\u00e1p; c?i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh di theo hu?ng l\u00e0m cho b? m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0n thi?n hon, ho?t d?ng c\u00f3 hi?u qu? hon; chuy?n t? n?n kinh t? k? ho?ch h\u00f3a t?p trung sang n?n kinh t? th? tru?ng nh?m gi?i ph\u00f3ng m?i nang l?c s?n xu?t x\u00e3 h?i, ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh nang d?ng s\u00e1ng t?o, d\u00e2n ch? c?a ngu?i d\u00e2n trong linh v?c kinh t?. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti?n d?, di?u ki?n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh can b?n, n?n t?ng c?a x\u00e2y d?ng nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n. 

\u00d0?m b?o m?i l?i \u00edch v\u00e0 quy?n h\u00e0nh d?u thu?c v? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, gi?i quy?t nh?ng v?n d? kinh t? - x\u00e3 h?i, ph\u00e1t tri?n s? nghi?p gi\u00e1o d?c, van ho\u00e1, y t?... uu ti\u00ean cho nh?ng v?n d? kinh t?, cham lo t?t hon d?n cu?c s?ng h?nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 m?i nhu c?u phong ph\u00fa, da d?ng c?a con ngu?i. Ki\u00ean quy?t d?u tranh ch?ng l?i nh?ng hi?n tu?ng vi ph?m ph\u00e1p lu?t m\u00e0 n?i b?t l\u00e0 tham nhung v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n l?u, x\u00e2m ph?m c\u00e1c quy?n t? do, d\u00e2n ch? c?a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi?, tr?n - gian l?n thu?... g\u00e2y t?n th?t l?n cho Nh\u00e0 nu?c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 

Qua 20 nam d?i m?i, c\u00f9ng v?i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v? ph\u00e1t tri?n kinh t?, \u00d0?ng d\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi?u ch? truong, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri?n van ho\u00e1 - x\u00e3 h?i. Th? ch? ho\u00e1 nh?ng ch? truong n\u00e0y, Hi?n ph\u00e1p nam 1992 d\u00e3 ghi nh?n trong c\u00e1c chuong v? ch? d? kinh t?, van ho\u00e1, gi\u00e1o d?c, khoa h?c, c\u00f4ng ngh?, quy?n v\u00e0 nghia v? co b?n c?a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 du?c c? th? ho\u00e1 trong nhi?u van b?n lu?t, ph\u00e1p l?nh, ngh? d?nh,... Ph\u00e1t tri?n gi\u00e1o d?c - d\u00e0o t?o, khoa h?c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh? du?c coi l\u00e0 qu?c s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d?u; d?y nhanh ph\u00e1t tri?n kinh t?, ph\u00e1t tri?n x\u00e3 h?i v?i vi?c b?o v? m\u00f4i tru?ng t? nhi\u00ean. 

10. Tu tu?ng HCM v? m?t nh\u00e0 nu?c c\u00f3 hi?u l?c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m?nh m? 

HCM d\u00e3 s?m th?y du?c t?m quan tr?ng c?a Hi?n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu?t trong qu?n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h?i. \u00d0i?u n\u00e0y th? hi?n trong b?n Y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n An Nam do Ngu?i g?i d?n H?i ngh? V\u00e9cx\u00e2y (Ph\u00e1p) nam 1919. Nh\u00e0 nu?c c\u00f3 hi?u l?c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m?nh m? du?c HCM ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u00e2y d?ng th? hi?n tr\u00ean nh?ng di?m sau: 

-X\u00e2y d?ng m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c h?p ph\u00e1p, h?p hi?n. C\u00f3 du?c m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c h?p hi?n th? hi?n quy?n l?c t?i cao c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nhu v?y th\u00ec nu?c ta m?i c\u00f3 co s? ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v?ng ch?c d? c\u00f3 m?t quan h? qu?c t? b\u00ecnh d?ng, m?i thi?t l?p du?c m?t co ch? quy?n l?c h?p ph\u00e1p theo d\u00fang th\u00f4ng l? c?a m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n hi?n d?i. 

-Ho?t d?ng qu?n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 nu?c b?ng Hi?n ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p lu?t v\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr?ng dua ph\u00e1p lu?t v\u00e0o cu?c s?ng. Qu?n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 nu?c l\u00e0 qu?n l\u00fd b?ng b? m\u00e1y v\u00e0 b?ng nhi?u bi?n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhung quan tr?ng nh?t l\u00e0 qu?n l\u00fd b?ng h? th?ng lu?t, trong d\u00f3 quan tr?ng nh?t l\u00e0 Hi?n ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 Hi?n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu?t r?i th\u00ec c?n ph?i dua v\u00e0o trong cu?c s?ng. D\u00e2n ch? d\u00ednh th?c bao gi? cung di li?n v?i k? cuong, ph\u00e9p nu?c, t?c l\u00e0 di li?n v?i th?c thi Hi?n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu?t. Ngu?i cho r?ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d?c ph\u00e1p lu?t cho m?i ngu?i tr? n\u00ean c?c k? quan tr?ng trong vi?c x\u00e2y d?ng m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n, d?m b?o m?i quy?n v\u00e0 nghia v? c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n du?c th?c thi trong cu?c s?ng.  

Trong vi?c th?c thi Hi?n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu?t, H? Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd d?m b?o t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam minh v\u00e0 hi?u l?c c?a ch\u00fang. \u00d0i?u d\u00f3 d\u00f2i h?i ph\u00e1p lu?t ph?i d\u00fang v\u00e0 ph?i d?; tang cu?ng tuy\u00ean truy?n, gi\u00e1o d?c ph\u00e1p lu?t cho m?i ngu?i d\u00e2n; ngu?i th?c thi lu?t ph\u00e1p ph?i th?c s? c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam minh, b?o d?m lu?t ph\u00e1p tr? th\u00e0nh c\u00e1n c\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, b?t k? ai vi ph?m ph\u00e1p lu?t cung d?u b? tr?ng tr? nghi\u00eam kh?c. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c d? d?c d? t\u00e0i. H? Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n d? cao v? tr\u00ed, vai tr\u00f2 c?a d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c. \u00d0? x\u00e2y d?ng m?t Nh\u00e0 nu?c ph\u00e1p quy?n v?ng m?nh c?n x\u00e2y d?ng du?c d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c v?a c\u00f3 d?c v?a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, d?i ngu n\u00e0y ph?i du?c t? ch?c h?p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 hi?u qu?. H? Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau l\u00ean nh?ng y\u00eau c?u v? c\u00e2y d?ng d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c nhu sau: 

M?t l\u00e0, tuy?t d?i trung th\u00e0nh v?i c\u00e1ch m?ng. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c?u d?u ti\u00ean c?n c\u00f3 d?i v?i d?i v?i d?i ngu c\u00e1n b? c\u00f4ng ch?c. C\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c ph?i l\u00e0 ngu?i ki\u00ean cu?ng b?o v? ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i ch? nghia, b?o v? Nh\u00e0 nu?c. 

Hai l\u00e0, hang h\u00e1i, th\u00e0nh th?o c\u00f4ng vi?c, gi?i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n,nghi?p v?. C\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c ph?i hi?u bi?t c\u00f4ng vi?c c?a m\u00ecnh, bi?t qu?n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 nu?c, do v?y, ph?i du?c d\u00e0o t?o v\u00e0 t? m\u00ecnh h?c h?i kh\u00f4ng ng?ng. 

Ba l\u00e0, ph?i c\u00f3 m?i li\u00ean h? m?t thi?t v?i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. H? Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n ch? truong x\u00e2y d?ng m?i quan h? b?n ch?t gi?a d?i ngu c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c v?i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c ph?i s?n s\u00e0ng ph?c v? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, lu\u00f4n n\u00eau cao d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng, s?n s\u00e0ng hy sinh quy?n l?i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho T? qu?c, cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ph?i ch?ng tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau, ph?i lu\u00f4n g?n d\u00e2n, hi?u d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. 

B?n l\u00e0, c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c ph?i l\u00e0 nh?ng ngu?i d\u00e1m ph? tr\u00e1ch, d\u00e1m quy?t do\u00e1n, d\u00e1m ch?u tr\u00e1ch nhi?m, nh?t l\u00e0 trong nh?ng t\u00ecnh hu?ng kh\u00f3 khan, "th?ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau, b?i kh\u00f4ng n?n". H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00f2i h?i c\u00e1n b?, c\u00f4ng ch?c ph?i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tu du?ng, r\u00e8n luy?n d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 chi ti?n th?. 

Nam l\u00e0, ph?i thu?ng xuy\u00ean t? ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd th?c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh d?ng v\u00ec s? l?n m?nh, trong s?ch c?a Nh\u00e0 nu?c. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng Nh\u00e0 nu?c trong s?ch, v?ng m?nh, ho?t d?ng c\u00f3 hi?u qu?. 

\u00d0? ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh?c ph?c nh?ng ti\u00eau c?c trong ho?t d?ng c?a Nh\u00e0 nu?c. HCM n\u00eau r\u00f5 mu?n x\u00e2y d?ng Nh\u00e0 nu?c trong s?ch, v?ng m?nh d\u00f2i h?i ph?i t?y tr? th\u00f3i d?c quy?n, d?c l?i, tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau ,tu t\u00fang, chia r?, ki\u00eau ng?o. 

Tang cu?ng t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam minh c?a ph\u00e1p lu?t di d\u00f4i v?i d?y m?nh gi\u00e1o d?c d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng. H? Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e3 k?t h?p m?t c\u00e1ch nhu?n nhuy?n gi?a qu?n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h?i b?ng ph\u00e1p lu?t v?i ph\u00e1t huy nh?ng truy?n th?ng t?t d?p trong d?i s?ng c?ng d?ng. H? Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c?u ph\u00e1p lu?t ph?i th?ng tay tr?ng tr? nh?ng k? b?t li\u00eam, b?t k? k? d\u00f3 ? d?a v? n\u00e0o. B\u00ean c?nh d\u00f3, c?n c?m h\u00f3a nh?ng ngu?i c\u00f3 l?i l?m, k\u00e9o h? di v?i c\u00e1ch m?ng, gi\u00e1o d?c nh?ng ngu?i m?c khuy?t di?m d? h?c tr\u00e1nh ph?m ph\u00e1p.

11. Tu tu?ng HCM v? van h\u00f3a 

V? d?nh nghia van h\u00f3a, H? Ch\u00ed Minh vi?t : "V\u00ec l? sinh t?n cung nhu m?c d\u00edch cu?c s?ng, lo\u00e0i ngu?i m?i s\u00e1ng t?o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra ng\u00f4n ng?, ch? vi?t, d?o d?c, ph\u00e1p lu?t, khoa h?c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, van h?c, ngh? thu?t, nh?ng c\u00f4ng c? cho sinh ho?t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v? m?c, an, ? v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phuong th?c s? d?ng to\u00e0n b? nh?ng s\u00e1ng t?o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh d\u00f3 t?c l\u00e0 van h\u00f3a. Van h\u00f3a l\u00e0 s? t?ng h?p c?a m?i phuong th?c sinh ho?t c\u00f9ng v?i bi?u hi?n c?a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ngu?i d\u00e3 s?n sinh ra nh?m th\u00edch ?ng v?i nh?ng nhu c?u d?i s?ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2i h?i c?a s? sinh t?n. 

Ngu?i dua ra Nam di?m l?n d?nh hu?ng cho vi?c x\u00e2y d?ng m?t n?n van h\u00f3a m?i: 

-X\u00e2y d?ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd: tinh th?n d?c l?p t? cu?ng. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd: bi?t hy sinh m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m l?i cho qu?n ch\u00fang. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng x\u00e3 h?i: m?i s? nghi?p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan d?n ph\u00fac l?i c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h?i. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng ch\u00ednh tr?:d\u00e2n quy?n. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng kinh t?. 

Quan di?m v? v? tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c?a van h\u00f3a trong d?i s?ng x\u00e3 h?i: 

-Van h\u00f3a l\u00e0 d?i s?ng tinh th?n c?a x\u00e3 h?i, thu?c ki?n tr\u00fac thu?ng t?ng. ? d\u00e2y, HCM d?t van h\u00f3a ngang h\u00e0ng v?i ch\u00ednh tr?, kinh t?, x\u00e3 h?i, t?o th\u00e0nh 4 v?n d? ch? y?u c?a d?i s?ng x\u00e3 h?i. HCM cho r?ng ch\u00ednh tr? x\u00e3 h?i c\u00f3 du?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng th\u00ec van h\u00f3a m?i du?c gi?i ph\u00f3ng. HCM cung ch? r\u00f5 kinh t? l\u00e0 n?n t?ng c?a vi?c x\u00e2y d?ng van h\u00f3a. 

-Van h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th? d?ng ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 ph?i ? trong kinh t? v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr?, ph?i ph?c v? nhi?m v? ch\u00ednh tr? v\u00e0 th\u00fac d?y s? ph\u00e1t tri?n kinh t?. Van h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00edch c?c ch? d?ng, d\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 to l?n nhu m?t d?ng l?c th\u00fac d?y s? ph\u00e1t tri?n c?a kinh t? v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr?. Tr\u00ecnh d? van h\u00f3a c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00e2ng cao s? gi\u00fap th\u00fac d?y c\u00f4ng cu?c kh\u00f4i ph?c kinh t?, ph\u00e1t tri?n d\u00e2n ch?. 

Quan di?m v? t\u00ednh ch?t c?a n?n van h\u00f3a: 

-T\u00ednh d\u00e2n t?c c?a n?n van h\u00f3a du?c HCM bi?u d?t qua c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni?m nhu d?c t\u00ednh d\u00e2n t?c, c?t c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t?c.T\u00ednh d\u00e2n t?c c?a n?n van h\u00f3a th? hi?n ? ch? bi?t gi? g\u00ecn k? th?a, ph\u00e1t huy nh?ng truy?n th?ng t?t d?p c?a d\u00e2n t?c. 

-T\u00ednh khoa h?c th? hi?n ? t\u00ednh hi?n d?i, ti\u00ean ti?n, thu?n v?i tr\u00e0o luu ti?n h\u00f3a c?a th?i d?i. T\u00ednh khoa h?c d\u00f2i h?i ph?i d?u tranh ch?ng l?i nh?ng g\u00ec tr\u00e1i khoa h?c, ph?n ti?n b?. 

-T\u00ednh d?i ch\u00fang th? hi?n ? ch? n?n van h\u00f3a ?y ph?i ph?c v? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d?ng l\u00ean. 

Quan di?m v? ch?c nang c?a van h\u00f3a: 

-Van h\u00f3a b?i du?ng tu tu?ng d\u00fang d?n v\u00e0 nh?ng t\u00ecnh c?m cao d?p. Ch?c nang cao qu\u00fd nh?t c?a van h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b?i du?ng, n\u00eau cao tu tu?ng d\u00fang d?n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c?m cao d?p cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, lo?i b? du?c nh?ng sai l?m v\u00e0 th?p h\u00e8n c\u00f3 th? c\u00f3 trong tu tu?ng, t\u00ecnh c?m m?i ngu?i. Tu tu?ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c?m r?t phong ph\u00fa, van h\u00f3a ph?i d?c bi?t quan t\u00e2m d?n nh?ng tu tu?ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c?m l?n, chi ph?i d?i s?ng tinh th?n c?a m?i con ngu?i v\u00e0 c? d\u00e2n t?c. Ch?c nang h\u00e0ng d?u c?a van h\u00f3a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th? n\u00e0o cho ai cung c\u00f3 l\u00fd tu?ng t? ch?, d?c l?p, t? do. Van h\u00f3a ph?i g\u00f3p ph?n x\u00e2y d?p ni?m tin cho con ngu?i, tin v\u00e0o b?n th\u00e2n, tin v\u00e0o l\u00fd tu?ng, tin v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o ti?n d? c?a c\u00e1ch m?ng. 

-Van h\u00f3a m? r?ng hi?u bi?t, n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed. N\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed ph?i b?t d?u t? ch? bi?t d?c, bi?t vi?t d? c\u00f3 th? hi?u bi?t c\u00e1c linh v?c kh\u00e1c c?a d?i s?ng x\u00e3 h?i nhu kinh t?, ch\u00ednh tr?, l?ch s?, khoa h?c-ki thu?t, th?c ti?n Vi?t Nam v\u00e0 th? gi?i... N\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed l\u00e0 d? nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th? tham gia s\u00e1ng t?o v\u00e0 hu?ng th? van h\u00f3a, g\u00f3p ph?n l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, nu?c m?nh. 

-Van h\u00f3a b?i du?ng nh?ng ph?m ch?t, phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l?i s?ng t?t d?p, l\u00e0nh m?nh; hu?ng con ngu?i d?n ch\u00e2n, thi?n, m? d? ho\u00e0n thi?n b?n th\u00e2n. M?i con ngu?i thu?ng c\u00f3 nhi?u ph?m ch?t, c\u00e1c ph?m ch?t thu?ng du?c th? hi?n qua l?i sinh ho?t, l\u00e0m vi?c, l?i ?ng x? trong d?i s?ng...\u00d0?i v?i c\u00e1n b?, d?ng vi\u00ean, HCM d?c bi?t quan t\u00e2m d?n ph?m ch?t d?o d?c-ch\u00ednh tr?. Van h\u00f3a gi\u00fap con ngu?i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh?ng ph?m ch?t, phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l?i s?ng t?t d?p, l\u00e0nh m?nh. HCM ch? r\u00f5: Ph?i l\u00e0m th? n\u00e0o cho van h\u00f3a th?m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd qu?c d\u00e2n, nghia l\u00e0 van h\u00f3a ph?i s?a d?i du?c nh?ng tham nhung, lu?i bi?ng, ph\u00f9 hoa xa x?; van h\u00f3a ph?i soi du?ng cho qu?c d\u00e2n di.

12. Tu tu?ng HCM v? d?o d?c 

Ngu?n g?c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tu tu?ng v? dao d?c c?a HCM: 

-Truy?n th?ng d?o d?c c?a d\u00e2n t?c VN: \u00d0?o d?c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean con ng s?ng ph?i c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh nghia, thu? chung, bi?t trung bi?t hi?u. D\u00e2n t?c VN l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t?c d? cao d?o l\u00fd l\u00e0m ngu?i, trong d\u00f3 y\u00eau nu?c gi? v? tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m, d?ng d?u b?ng gi\u00e1 tr? d?o d?c, d\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh d?i v?i t? qu?c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng qua l?i h\u00e0nh x? c?a nhg ngu?i th\u00e2n trg gia d\u00ecnh B\u00e1c. 

-Truy?n th?ng d?o d?c phuong \u00d0\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phuong T\u00e2y: HCM ch\u00fa tr?ng, ch?t l?c nh?ng tinh hoa d?o d?c nh\u00e2n lo?i. 

-Quan di?m c?a M\u00e1c, Angghen, L\u00eanin v? d?o d?c: HCM ko ch? ti?p thu nh?ng quan di?m, th\u00e0nh t?u ch\u00ednh tr? c?a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l?p CNXHKH m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h?c t?p nh?ng t?m guong cao d?p c?a h? d? l?i. 

-Th?c ti?n ho?t d?ng CM c?a HCM: HCM tr?i qua 1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho?t d?ng d?y b\u00e3o t\u00e1p, r?t s\u00f4i n?i. Ngu?i d\u00e3 ch?ng ki?n s? t\u00e0n b?o, v\u00f4 d?o d?c c?a ch? nghia th?c d\u00e2n trg vi?c n\u00f4 d?ch c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c thu?c d?a. Ngu?i d\u00e3 t\u00ecm d?n 1 h?c thuy?t nh\u00e2n d?o nh?m gi?i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n con ngu?i, t?o ra m?i quan h? t?t d?p gi?a ngu?i v?i ngu?i, 1 h?c thuy?t d?u tranh cho s? t? do, ?m no, h?nh ph\u00fac v?i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao d?ng, d\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch? nghia Mac- Lenin. 

V? vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 s?c m?nh c?a d?o d?c: 

-\u00d0?o d?c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g?c c?a ngu?i c\u00e1ch m?ng. HCM kh?ng d?nh d?o d?c l\u00e0 ngu?n nu\u00f4i du?ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n con ngu?i. Ngu?i c\u00e1ch m?ng ph?i c\u00f3 d?o d?c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d?o d?c th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i gi?i d?n m?y cung kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh d?o du?c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ngu?i c\u00e1ch m?nh ph?i c\u00f3 d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng l\u00e0m n?n t?ng m?i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh du?c nhi?m v? c\u00e1ch m?ng v? vang. 

-Tu tu?ng d?o d?c c?a HCM l\u00e0 d?o d?c trong h\u00e0nh d?ng, l?y hi?u qu? th?c t? l\u00e0m thu?c do. 

-\u00d0ao d?c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t? t?o n\u00ean s?c h?p d?n c?a ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i. 

Quan di?m v? nh?ng chu?n m?c d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng: 

Trong tu tu?ng H? Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00f3 4 chu?n m?c d?o d?c c\u00e1ch co b?n. 

- Trung v?i nu?c, hi?u v?i d\u00e2n: \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 chu?n m?c d?o d?c n?n t?ng, di?u ch?nh h\u00e0nh vi gi?a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v?i c?ng d?ng. Trung, hi?u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni?m d?o d?c truy?n th?ng, nhung du?c H? Ch\u00ed Minh s? d?ng v\u00e0 dua v\u00e0o nh?ng n?i dung m?i.  

Trung v?i nu?c: y\u00eau nu?c, g?n li?n v?i y\u00eau Ch? nghia x\u00e3 h?i; trung th\u00e0nh v?i l\u00fd tu?ng, con du?ng c\u00e1ch m?ng m\u00e0 d?t nu?c, d\u00e2n t?c d\u00e3 l?a ch?n; c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi?m b?o v?, x\u00e2y d?ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n d?t nu?c.  

Hi?u v?i d\u00e2n: Thuong d\u00e2n, qu\u00fd d\u00e2n, l?y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g?c; cham lo m?i m?t d?i s?ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m?t c\u00e1ch t? gi\u00e1c; d?u tranh gi?i ph\u00f3ng qu?n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n d? d\u00e2n tr? th\u00e0nh ngu?i ch? v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch?.  

- C?n, ki?m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 tu: \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 chu?n m?c d?o d?c trung t\u00e2m, di?u ch?nh h\u00e0nh vi ?ng x? trong cu?c s?ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c?a m?i ngu?i.  

C?n: C?n c\u00f9, si\u00eang nang, cham ch?, d?o dai, bi?t ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, t? ch?c ho?t d?ng h?p l\u00fd, lao d?ng v?i nang su?t, ch?t lu?ng, hi?u qu? cao.  

Ki?m: Ti?t ki?m, kh\u00f4ng hoang ph\u00ed, ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h?p l\u00fd; kh\u00f4ng ch? ti?t ki?m c?a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti?t ki?m c?a c\u00f4ng; ti?t ki?m to\u00e0n di?n: ti?n c?a, nguy\u00ean v?t li?u, th?i gian, s?c lao d?ng.  

Li\u00eam: Li\u00eam khi?t, trong s?ch, kh\u00f4ng tham ti?n t\u00e0i, d?a v?, danh v?ng.  

Ch\u00ednh: Ch\u00ednh tr?c, ngay th?ng, th?t th\u00e0 d?i v?i m\u00ecnh, d?i v?i ngu?i, d?i v?i vi?c.  

Ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 tu: \u00d0?t l?i \u00edch c?a \u00d0?ng, c?a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean tr\u00ean h?t, tru?c h?t, hy sinh l?i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec l?i \u00edch chung, lo tru?c thi\u00ean h?, vui sau thi\u00ean h?.  

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu?n d?o d?c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h? ch?t ch? v?i nhau, t?o ti?n d? cho nhau. H? Ch\u00ed Minh x\u00e1c d?nh c?n, ki?m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b?n d?c t\u00ednh c?n thi?t c?a m?t con ngu?i, l\u00e0 thu?c do tr\u00ecnh d? van minh, ti?n b? c?a m?t d\u00e2n t?c.  

- Y\u00eau thuong con ngu?i, s?ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh nghia: Y\u00eau thuong t?t c? m?i ngu?i, tru?c h?t l\u00e0 ngu?i lao d?ng ngh\u00e8o kh?, b? b\u00f3c l?t, \u00e1p b?c, nh?ng ngu?i d? b? t?n thuong nh?t trong x\u00e3 h?i: tr? em, ngu?i gi\u00e0, ph? n?; y\u00eau thuong con ngu?i tr\u00ean l?p tru?ng c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n; cham lo m?i m?t d?i s?ng con ngu?i d? con ngu?i du?c th?a m\u00e3n c\u00e1c nhu c?u, l?i \u00edch, c\u00f3 di?u ki?n ph\u00e1t tri?n to\u00e0n di?n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.  

- Tinh th?n qu?c t? trong s\u00e1ng, th?y chung: Chu?n m?c d?o d?c n\u00e0y di?u ch?nh h\u00e0nh vi ?ng x? c?a con ngu?i trong quan h? gi?a c\u00e1c qu?c gia, d\u00e2n t?c; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 co s? t? b?n ch?t qu?c t? c?a giai c?p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c?a ch? d? x\u00e3 h?i ch? nghia. T\u00f4n tr?ng, thuong y\u00eau c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c; ?ng h?, gi\u00fap d? c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t?c trong s? nghi?p d?u tranh gi?i ph\u00f3ng; x\u00e2y d?ng kh?i do\u00e0n k?t qu?c t? tr\u00ean co s? c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l?i, c\u00f3 l\u00fd, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh. 

Nh?ng nguy\u00ean t?c x\u00e2y d?ng d?o d?c m?i: 

-N\u00f3i ph?i di d\u00f4i v?i l\u00e0m, n\u00eau guong v? d?o d?c: Ngu?i nh?n m?nh d?i m?i v?i m?i ngu?i th\u00ec l?i n\u00f3i ph?i di d\u00f4i v?i vi?c l\u00e0m m?i dem l?i hi?u qu? cho b?n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m?i t\u00e1c d?ng cho nh?ng ngu?i kh\u00e1c. N?u n\u00f3i nhi?u m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u00edt, n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, n\u00f3i 1 d?ng l\u00e0m 1 n?o th\u00ec ch? dem l?i nh?ng h?u qu? ph?n t\u00e1c d?ng. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i d?o d?c gi? c?a nh?ng g\/c b\u00f3c l?t trong l?ch s?, ph?i x\u00e2y d?ng 1 n?n d?o d?c m?i v? ch?t so v?i n?n d?o d?c tru?c d\u00f3. 

\u00d0? x\u00e2y d?ng d?o d?c m?i cho con ngu?i, HCM nh?n m?nh phuong ph\u00e1p n\u00eau guong. Ngu?i ta coi d\u00f3 l\u00e0 phuong ph\u00e1p thi?t th?c nh?t, c\u00f3 s?c m?nh thuy?t ph?c to l?n trong vi?c gi\u00e1o d?c d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng cho m?i ngu?i. 

-Ngu?i coi m?t n?n d?o d?c m?i ch? du?c x\u00e2y d?ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1i n?n r?ng l?n v?ng ch?c khi c\u00f3 nh?ng ph?m ch?t d?o d?c, nh?ng chu?n m?c d?o d?c d\u00e3 tr? th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0nh vi d?o d?c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph? bi?n trong to\u00e0n XH m\u00e0 t?m guong d?o d?c c\u00f3 \u00fd nghia v\u00e0 th\u00fac d?y q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh ?y. 

-X\u00e2y d?ng di d\u00f4i v?i ch?ng ph?i t?o th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o qu?n ch\u00fang r?ng r\u00e3i. HCM kh?ng d?nh mu?n x\u00e2y d?ng d?o d?c m?i, mu?n b?i du?ng nh?ng ph?m ch?t d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng cho h\u00e0ng tri?u con ngu?i c\u00e1n b? \u00d0?ng vi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v?i vi?c x\u00e2y d?ng b?i du?ng ph?m ch?t t?t d?p ph?i nh?t thi?t ph?i ch?ng nh?ng bi?u hi?n x?u xa, tr\u00e1i v?i y\u00eau c?u c?a d?o d?c m?i. Theo Ngu?i, vi?c x\u00e2y d?ng d?o d?c m?i tru?c h?t ph?i du?c ti?n h\u00e0nh b?ng vi?c gi\u00e1o d?c nh?ng ph?m ch?t, nh?ng chu?n m?c d?o d?c m?i t? trong gia d\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tru?ng v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i XH. 

Theo Ngu?i d? x\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch?ng c\u00f3 hi?u q?a ph?i t?o th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o qu?n ch\u00fang r?ng r\u00e3i nh?m th\u00f4i th\u00fac tr\u00e1ch nhi?m d?o d?c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d? v?i m?i ngu?i ph?n d?u, t? b?i du?ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ph?m ch?t d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng. Ngu?i d?c bi?t nh?n m?nh ph?i qu\u00e9t s?ch ch? nghia c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u00f3 n?y sinh nhi?u can b?nh nguy hi?m nhu tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.... 

-Ph?i tu du?ng d?o d?c b?n b? su?t d?i. HCM ch? r\u00f5, d?o d?c c\u00e1ch m?ng kh\u00f4ng ph?i t? tr\u00ean tr?i roi xu?ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 do d?u tranh r\u00e8n luy?n b?n b? h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri?n v\u00e0 c?ng c? cung nhu ng?c c\u00e0ng m\u00e0i c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng, v?y c\u00e0ng luy?n c\u00e0ng trong. Theo HCM vi?c tu du?ng d?o d?c ph?i du?c th?c hi?n trong m?i ho?t d?ng th?c ti?n, trong m?i quan h? XH v\u00e0 m?i quan h? qt?.