III. Chung tu dung trong thanh toan quoc te.

- Van don: la chung tu gui hang duong bien, do nguoi chuyen cho ki phat cho nguoi gui hang de xd quyen doi, trach nhiem va nghia vu doi voi lo hang da giao nhan, van don dc ki phat sau khi H da len tau.

- Vai tro:

+ Van don la bang chung ve viec nguoi van chuyen da nhan len tau so H voi so luong, chung loai, tinh trang nhu ghi ro trong van don de van chuyen den noi tra hang. Thuc hien chuc nnag nay, van don la bien lai nhan hang cua nguoi chuyen cho cap cho nguoi xep hang. Neu khong co ghi chu gi tren van don thi nhung H ghi trong do duong nhien dc thua nhan co" tinh trang ben ngoai thich hop". Dieu nay cung co nghia la nguoi ban( NXK da giao hang cho nguoi mua(NNK) thong qua nguoi chuyen cho va nguoi chuyen cho nhan hang hoa nhu the nao thi phai giao cho nguoi cam van don goc 1 cach hop phap nhu da ghi tren van don o cang do hang.

+ van don goc la chung tu co gia tri, dung de dinh doat va nhan hang hay noi don gian hon van don la chung tu xac nhan quyen so huu H ghi trongvan don. Vi vay, van don co the mua ban, chuyen nhuong dc. Viec mua ban, chuyen nhuong co the dc thuc hien nhieu lan truoc khi H dc giao. Cu moi lan chuyen nhuong nhu vay, nguoi cam van don goc trong tay la chu cua H ghi trong van don, co quyen doi nguoi chuyen cho giao hang cho minh theo dieu kien da quy dinh trong van don tai cang den.

+ Van don duong bien la bang chung xac nhan hop dong chuyen cho hang hoa bang duong bien da dc ki ket. Trong TH thue tau chuyen, truoc khi cap van don duong bien, nguoi thue tau va nguoi cho thue tau da ki ket voi nhat 1 HD thue tau chuyen'.

- Tac dung cua van don:

+ Van don la co so phap ly dieu chinh moi quan he giua nguoi xep hang, nhan hang va nguoi chuyen cho.

+ van don la can cu de khai hai quan va lam thu tuc XNK H

+ van don la can cu de nhan hang va xac dinh so luong H nguoi ban gui cho nguoi mua va dua vao do de ghi so, thong ke, theo doi xem nguoi ban( nguoi chuyen cho) da hoac khong hoan thanh trach nhiem cua minh nhu quy dinh trong HD mua ban ngoai thuong.

+ Van don cung cac chung tu khac cua H lap thanh bo chung tu thanh toan tien hang.

+ Van don la chung tu quan trong trong bo chung tu khieu nai nguoi bao hiem, hay nhung nguoi khac co lien quan.

+ Van don con dc su dung la chung tu de cam co, mua ban, chuyen nhuong hang hoa ghi tren van don...

- 1 so chi tiet quan trong tren be mat VD.

+ Muc so luong, trong luong, bao bi, ki ma hieu mo ta hang hoa phai ghi phu hop voi so luong hang thuc te xep len tau va phai ghi that chinh xac. Khi nhan hang theo van dong, phai luu y so hang thuc nhan so voi so hang ghi trong van don, neu thay thieu, sai hoac ton that thi phai yeu cau giam dinh de khieu nai ngay. Neu ton that khong ro ret thi phai yeu cau giam dinh trong 3 ngay ke tu ngay do hang.

+ Muc nguoi nhan hang: Neu la van don dich danh thi phai ghi ro ho ten va dia chi nguoi nhan hang, neu la van don theo lenh thi phai ghi ro theo lenh cua ai( ngan hang, nguoi xep hang hay nguoi nhan hang). Noi chung, muc nay ta nen ghi theo yeu cau cua thu tin dung neu ap dung thanh toan bang tin dung chung tu.

+ Muc dia chi nguoi thong bao: Neu LC yeu cau thi ghi theo yeu cau cua LC, neu khong thi de trong hay ghi dia chi cua nguoi nhan hang.

+ Muc cuoc phi va phu phi: phai luu y den don vi tinh cuoc va tong so tien cuoc.

Neu cuoc tra truoc ghi: Freight prepaid

Neu cuoc tra sau ghi: Freight to collect. Co khi tren van don ghi: Freight prepaid as arranged vi nguoi chuyen cho khong muon tiet lo muc cuoc cua minh.

+ Muc ngay ki van don: Ngay ki van don thuong la ngay hoan thanh viec boc hang hoa len tau va phai trong thoi han hieu luc cua LC.

+ Muc chu ki van don: chu ki trn van don co the la truong hang tau, dai ly cua hang tau. Khi dai ly ki phai ghi ro hay dong dau tren van don" as agent only".