I. Nội dung chung

- Làm việc nhóm 3-4 bạn, viết về một chủ đề nghiên cứu mà đã được đưa ra sẵn, gần giống với tiếng anh học thuật 2 hay ielts writing task 2.

- Độ khó: Cao

- Yêu cầu mỗi cô khác nhau, về cái này yêu cầu chăm chỉ, đọc tìm tài liệu rất nhiều nên việc sắp xếp thông tin là rất quan trọng. Như mình thì có 1 file excel ghi stt, các ý chính mình sẽ dùng để lập luận, các thông tin tìm đc (trích ngoặc kép) trong bài nào (KHÔNG dùng nguồn thứ cấp)

- Sẽ có 1 bài tranh biện nên là cần chuẩn bị kĩ các tình huống cãi nhau kịch liệt xảy ra. Trường hợp này thì nên nói cho bạn trước là sẽ hỏi câu gì để hộ nhau tí :>

II. Bài mẫu viết luận nhóm mình 

Vietnam National University

University of Languages and International Studies

Faculty of English Language Teacher Education

School of English 2

COLLEGE WRITING COURSE

Reading-Writing Assignment Submission

Class E11. Group 8

Student's Name

Student ID No

Nguyen Thi Khanh

Van

22040592

Pham Tran Hanh

Nguyen

22040382

Mai Thi Hong

Ngoc

22040559

Assignment Topic: Environmental issues - Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change. Government cannot be expected to solve this problem. It is the responsibility of individuals to change their lifestyle to prevent further damage. What are your views?

Date of submission: 30/06/2023

I confirm that the work submitted has been produced through my own efforts.

Student's Signature:.................................................

Writing Portfolio

Climate change is one of the most severe problems that humans are facing in the twenty-first century and brings to many global impacts mainly caused by the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Everest et al., 2021; Davis, 2017). In spite of the habit of mind that changing the individual lifestyle can be better than basing on the government power to address the issue, there is convincing evidence of numerous positive results gained by the involvement of authorities.

First and foremost, governments have the political power to introduce legislation. The national law is compulsory for residents to obey. Passing stringent strategies and toughened carbon policy, authorities can reach the Paris Agreement's aims (Schaffer, 2022; Eskander & Frankhauser, 2020). Therefore, a country can come to further environmental protection commitments more effectively. Not only do federal law mitigate the damage of companies but also encourage innovative ideas. Numerous green patents can be boosted and green innovations increase by regulatory supervision pressure on manufacturers (Fang et al., 2021). Furthermore, adjusting proper tactics plays an integral part in reducing CO2 and mitigating climate change in short and long term. Climate change results from rising levels of CO2 (Davis, 2017); in other words, to deal with climate change, nations need to control CO2 emission. The research in 2020 by Eskander and Fankhauser shows that the legislative effort brought an emission decline by 0.78% in the first three years and 1.79% in the following time. Consequently, governmental function in handling climate change is irreplaceable and dominant.

Additionally, efforts to change the situation of climate change can not lead to results if only a single country takes actions. International frames, in this case, are doing quite well as an international bridge to enlist the global effort coping with the climate crisis. The nationally determined contributions of the Paris Agreement's members (NDCs) - with policy solutions and stringer tactics - take an essential part in reaching the goals, including limiting global warming to 1,5C and preventing the increase of temperature over maximum 2C above pre-industrial levels (UNFCCC, 2018). Moreover, on a national scale, international commitments also have a positive effect on residents' awareness of climate change. Recent research of Schaffer and Umit (2022) also revealed a slightly increasing support for the reduction target if they were informed of international frames and greenhouse gasses targets as part of international agreement. An additional case happened in 2006, when the idea of creating an International Air Travel Adaptation Levy was launched to encourage both the reduction in flying and significant fundraising for adjustment (Müller & Hepburn, 2006). Correspondingly, remarkable attempts to improve the climate conditions are possible only when numerous nations cooperate.

Some critics raise their concerns that changing the lifestyle of individuals is much easier and feasible because of growing environmental awareness of people nowadays (Enzler & Diekmann 2019; Díaz-Siefer et al., 2015). These literatures are still true in some aspects, but the fact is contrary. Despite understanding the impacts of climate change and even having regular activities to mitigate this issue, not many people are willing to change the lifestyle that they are too familiar with, especially in the aviation field. This is supported by research of Arnadottir (2021) and McDonald (2015) showing the reluctance of respondents in order to limit their flights to reduce CO2. Instead, they chose to pay higher green tax as an alternative (Denstadli & Veisten, 2020). It seems that environmental attitudes did not make practical changes for individuals, and reducing further impacts of climate change still relies more on governments.

In brief, political power and intergovernmental negotiations are essential needs in the battle against climate change. For that reason, authorities had better take a focal role in dealing with the climate crisis; but it does not mean individuals can neglect changing their behaviour to act on this issue in a positive way. Residents' support collaborating with the government's strategies could make a difference to the climate change situations and bring a sustainable life in the future.

References

‌Allan, G., Lecca, P., McGregor, P., & Swales, K. (2014). The economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax for Scotland: A computable general equilibrium analysis. Ecological Economics, 100, 40–50.

Árnadóttir, Á., Czepkiewicz, M., & Heinonen, J. (2021). Climate change concern and the desire to travel: How do I justify my flights? Travel Behaviour and Society, 24, 282–290.

Davis, W. J. (2017). The Relationship between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Global Temperature for the Last 425 Million Years. Climate, 5(4), 76.

Denstadli, J. M., & Veisten, K. (2020c). The flight is valuable regardless of the carbon tax scheme: A case study of Norwegian leisure air travelers. Tourism Management, 81, 104150.

Díaz-Siefer, P., Neaman, A., Salgado, E. G., Celis-Diez, J. L., & Otto, S. (2015). Human-Environment System Knowledge: A Correlate of Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability, 7(11), 15510–15526.

Enzler, H. B., & Diekmann, A. (2019). All talk and no action? An analysis of environmental concern, income and greenhouse gas emissions in Switzerland. Energy Research and Social Science, 51, 12–19.

Eskander, S., & Fankhauser, S. (2020). Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from national climate legislation. Nature Climate Change, 10(8), 750–756.

Everest, T., Koparan, H. I., Sungur, A., & Özcan, H. (2021). An important tool against combat climate change: Land suitability assessment for canola (a case study: Çanakkale, NW Turkey). Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(11), 13137–13172.

Fang, Z., Kong, X., Sensoy, A., Cui, X., & Cheng, F. (2021). Government's awareness of Environmental protection and corporate green innovation: A natural experiment from the new environmental protection law in China. Economic Analysis and Policy, 70, 294–312.

McDonald, S., Oates, C., Thyne, M., Timmis, A., & Carlile, C. (2015). Flying in the face of environmental concern: why green consumers continue to fly. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(13–14), 1503–1528.

Müller, B. & Hepburn, C. (2006). "IATAL — an outline proposal for an International Air Travel Adaptation Levy ", accessible at www.oxford energy.org/pdfs/EV38.pdf.

Schaffer, L. M., & Umit, R. (2022). Public support for national vs. international climate change obligations. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(3), 537–573.

UNFCCC. (2018). Paris Agreement; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

‌

Peer Check

No.

Checklist

Students' response

The checklist was finished by the whole group members.

Group 6

The whole essay

1

Word counts

744

2

Essay genre?

argumentative essay

Introductory paragraph

3

Do the building sentences lead logically to the thesis statement?

yes

4

Is the thesis statement an effective one?

yes

Body paragraphs

5

Do the topics of the body paragraphs appear in the same order as in the thesis statement?

yes

6

In which paragraph(s) are ALL the grounds relevant to the main claim of the paragraph?

paragraph 2, 4

7

In which paragraph(s) are some grounds irrelevant to the main claim?

paragraph 3

Concluding paragraph

8

In what way(s) is the essay concluded (thesis restatement, summary of main ideas, prediction, etc.)?

summary of main ideas and suggestion

9

Is the final thought logically linked to the whole essay?

yes

10

Are new ideas avoided in the conclusion?

yes

Coherence & cohesion

11

a. Mark all the transitional expressions with a "TE".

b. Categorize the transitional expressions used into 3 groups:

use numerous basic linking words

- Basic and high-frequency linking words (and, but, because, first of all, finally)

- More complicated linking words and phrases (e.g. it may appear, as a result)

should use more complicated linking words

- Reference and substitution (e.g. pronouns, articles, synonyms, comparative reference)

should use more pronouns, and synonyms

c. Which transitional expressions are used incorrectly? (specify the paragraph in which they occur)

there are no transitional expression used incorrectly

In-text Citation and reference list (APA 7th)

12

Are all the in-text citations consistent in style (APA style)?

yes

13

Do the sources in the list match those cited in the main text?

no
incorrect published year (paragraph 2)

Eskander & Frankhauser, 2020). have no end-text reference

14

Are all the references in APA style?

yes

Final Package Reflection

Together with the submitted product, the group are required to reflect on the work they have done by answering the following questions:

What have you learned from doing this assignment?

The assignment is absolutely a harsh challenge for students no matter in which level of English they are. Most of us have not known about Science Research before and we were quite furious at the first time. But we also gained a lot of lessons and hone our skills at the same time.

First of all, we have a chance to apply reading and writing skills in order to accomplish our assignment with the highest quality possible. We are taught to analyze, synthesize and summarize effectively and arrange the finding information in a proper way. Besides, we can learn eloquenting and reasoning rigorously during round table day. Last but not least, we knew how to work in a team effectively and use varied helpful tools to do this assignment, which are also essential in the near future.

Was the work divided equally among members?

Yes, it was. In general, all the members contributed to finish the assignment. However, there was a member Ngoc, she did quite well in writing but she missed the deadline and did not find as many sources as other members. After that, Van and Nguyen needed to do her work to hand it in for the lecture.

What could have been done to improve the quality of the assignment?

To build on the quality of our group's assignment, at the beginning we had a sheet to divide the tasks for each member and store all the studies we found. During the time we handled the tasks, we made some online calls in order to clarify each member's parts and give suggestions. Additionally, we asked our teacher for help if we met with difficulties that we could not solve ourselves.

Was there any emerging problem during the process of assignment accomplishment? Specify the problem(s) if any.

There were two main problems when we took on the assignment. The first one was mentioned in the 2nd question: A member in our group (Ngoc) usually missed the deadline and did not search for a variety of related sources. The other problem was that in some ideas for our essay, we struggled in finding suitable evidence.

Do you have any negative thoughts about the overall project? What comes to your mind specifically?

Yes, we do. We admit that at the beginning, the very first thought that came to our minds was that we could not compare the responsibility of the government or individuals in solving climate change because this is a global issue. But after that, we understood that each contribution had different effects and considered the governmental role was dominant.

How will you use what you've learned from this course in the future?

The data collected for the course is helpful and we can use it in further research relating to climate change. Otherwise, both the governmental and individual role in addressing climate change are clarified so we are now aware of our responsibility to tackle this pressing issue. Last but not least, we also acknowledge international cooperation by the Paris agreement and will contribute and support more for other global strategies in the future.

III. Bài mẫu lớp chất lượng cao sư phạm (9)

FINAL ESSAY

There has been a school of thought that instead of governments, the change in people's lifestyles is the key to addressing climate change. However, there is compelling evidence that it is governments that can radically resolve this problem, particularly through laws and international cooperation.

Firstly, governments have the authority to enact laws and policies that can be beneficial to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hall (2016) mentions greenhouse gas as one of the main culprits behind climate change, and according to Cuomo (2011), it is caused by various sectors of society such as agriculture and transportation. Therefore, in a bid to tackle this issue, a country has to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a national scale, which necessarily involves governmental laws and policies. This argument has been supported by the statistics from research by Eskander & Fankhauser (2020), which indicates that strict laws exert a positive impact on CO2 emission reduction. Specifically, by adopting a new climate law, a state can reduce its CO2 emissions by 0.78% in the first three years and 1.79% in the following years. In addition, legal instruments can make a substantial contribution to the adaptation to climate change. According to McDonald (2011), adaptive laws are necessary to decrease the citizens' vulnerability to climate disasters, typically by land use planning. Legislations can also relieve the financial burden on impoverished people who suffer from weather hazards by setting a framework for loss distribution across the whole country (McDonald, 2011).

Furthermore, these days, climate change has been deemed an international issue (Hall, 2016). Therefore, global cooperation plays an indispensable role in addressing this problem, which can only be done by governments. Hall states that countries have established multilateral organizations to collaborate in solving this alarming issue. For instance, 1992 witnessed the foundation of the UNFCCC, which acted as an international forum for member countries to meet and discuss the problem of climate change regularly. Had it not been for the UNFCCC, climate change would not be regarded as the top priority as it is now. This is because, in the past, heads of state only viewed it as a part of many other international environmental issues (Hall, 2016). Thanks to the UNFCCC, member states have reached numerous agreements on climate change via negotiations and are bound to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. Additionally, international cooperation can establish funds, which are crucial for developing nations to fight climate change (Hall, 2016). As Cuomo (2011) explains, developing countries have limited resources, so they might struggle in the fight against climate change without the help of wealthier ones. As an illustration, in 2000, the 6th annual UNFCCC summit registered the establishment of a yearly climate change fund of US$15 million from the EU for adaptation and mitigation purposes. With financial support from developed nations, poorer countries become more adaptable to climate change (Hall, 2016).

However, some opponents argue that households are responsible for one-fifth of overall energy usage. Hence, if individuals change their way of living, the volume of greenhouse emissions can be reduced significantly, which can be the ultimate solution for climate change (Streimikiene & Volochovic, 2011). Nevertheless, according to the Climate Analysis Indicator Tool (CAIT), when compared to other sectors, households only account for a relatively low percentage of greenhouse emissions. Therefore, even when people adopt a more eco-friendly lifestyle, it is still inadequate to make a profound difference (Cuomo, 2011). Furthermore, an environmentally-friendly lifestyle may require people to sacrifice their convenience, such as reducing car use, which remains a challenge for individuals since they are not likely to alter their daily behaviors, especially at the expense of their interests (Steg, 2008). Accordingly, individuals alone cannot fight climate change effectively.

In conclusion, governments are superior to individuals in tackling climate change since they can enact climate laws and cooperate internationally. Therefore, governments should take a pivotal role in combating climate change, but individuals still have a responsibility to change their lifestyles to solve this burning issue successfully.

REFERENCES

Cuomo, C.J. (2011). Climate Change, Vulnerability, and Responsibility. Responsibility and identity in Global Justice, 26(4), 690-714. 7-

Eskander, S. M. S. U., & Fankhauser, S. (2020). Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from national climate legislation. Nature Climate Change, 10(8), 750–756.

Hall, N. (2016). The institutionalisation of climate change in global politics. In G. Sosa-Nunez & E. Atkins (Eds), Environment, climate change and international relations (pp.60-74). E-international relations publishing.

McDonald, J. (2011). The role of law in adapting to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2(2), 283–295.

Steg, L. (2008). Promoting household energy conservation. Energy Policy, 36(12), 4449-4453.

Streimikiene, D., & Volochovic, A. (2011). The impact of household behavioral changes on GHG emission reduction in Lithuania. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4118–4124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.027